Religions: Key Elements Essay

The importance of religions related to their spiritual and ethical messages is held to a high degree of importance. The importance of religions related to their cultural contributions to the arts and the humanities is also held to a high degree of importance. The importance of religions related to their alliances with political and economic institutions is held to a high degree of importance because the authority and power of the ruler and of the priest reinforced one another and religion reinforced the powers of legislation as well as those of administration. The difference between studying a religion and studying about a religion is that when someone studies a religion, they believe in the beliefs and values of that religion and are studying it to become a better person in that religion. When someone studies about a religion, they don’t necessarily follow that religion and are studying about it to strictly get information. That compares to the difference between theologians and of historians by being the same. Hinduism is especially related to the land of India by almost all Hindus living in India or are of Indian descent, and places visited by gods and by saints, as well as places of great natural sanctity in India have become shrines and pilgrim destinations. The key turning points in the evolution of Buddhism were having a founder, renouncing the hereditary caste system, and renouncing the supremacy of the brahmin priests. The key elements in the competition between Hinduism and Buddhism are the Hindus believing in the caste system and brahmin priests, Buddhism having a founder, a set of originating scriptures, and an order of monks. Both religions and governments have been historically interdependent. The geographical distributions of Hindus is across the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia. The geographical distributions of Buddhists is from Buddha’s home region in the Himalayan foothills throughout India and in most of east and southeast Asia. The relationship between Buddhism and Confucianism in China and Japan is that they have differences, but the two world perspectives seem to have reached a mutual accommodation. The Judaism of the prophets differed form the Judaism of the Torah by the prophets telling of things that happened later and the Torah being about older events. They are similar because of the overall message they taught. Exile forced the Jewish people to restructure their religion in order to survive by them establishing the principal contours of Jewish diaspora. The reasons for Christians and Muslims to treat their Jewish minorities respectfully were because it was what they believed and they were also trying to convert them to their religion. Their reason for being spiteful toward their Jewish minority were that the Jewish people would not convert to their religion. The elements from Judaism that were incorporated into Christianity were the belief of a monotheistic God and the TaNaKh as the Old Testament in the Bible. The elements from Judaism that were not incorporated into Christianity were the diaspora and minority concepts. St. Paul took the original teachings and organization created by Jesus and built them into the Christian Church by formulating a new concept of â€Å"original sin† and redemption from it. According to Paul, those who believed in Jesus Christ and accepted membership into the new Christian community would be forgiven of their sins by God and would be â€Å"saved. † Christianity began in Judaea and became the dominant religion in Europe. The key steps in making and consolidating that geographical move was the missionary journeys of Jesus himself and of his prophets.

Methods of Birth Assesstment

Damien Gatson Psy -225 Human sexuality Jimletta Vareena-Thomas August 05, 2012 Methods of Birth Assessment Childrearing is the one of the most crucial times in a mother’s and father’s life and is An journey into parenthood that finally turns into a journey of becoming an adult. The Child birthing practice allows us to decide on which birth methods we prefer, but some childbearing are not by choice. There are much that has been written about childbearing practices, whether it; the wrong way or the right way, which also chosen by different culture.Personally child bearing changes have changed and are unalike in different cultures. There are some differences that are quite intemperate and obvious whereas others are definitely more subtle, despite there are apparent differences, and there are similarities that are inherent when it comes to giving birth. The delivery of a baby is one of life’s most valuable moments, and the view of a new life. Labor can also be an unp leasant, painful, and can bring the feasibility of difficulty or problem for both mother and baby. The birthing of a baby is a process that requires intervention from a medical rofessional facility which help guide the mother through labor and delivery. That’s why they have different methods of birth assessment that is out there like vaginal birth and cesarean which are both done in the hospitals or birthing centers. It is very important to always be ready and make preparations, to prepare a birth plan before coming to the hospital and let the staff be aware of your preference of choices. Sometimes prior to your arrival there or a written birth method plan that might be pre-approved by your OB-GYN due to certain health issues, to ease he stress for the mother and her baby during labor. There is no guaranteed way to fore see the future or what the birthing will be like no matter which choice is selected. That is why it is important to think about all or questions on the list a nd things that are important to you in making any health care decision unless otherwise. Like natural birth for most upcoming mothers, a natural birth help increase The probability of a healthier and easier recovery, which can be caused by post-intervention. The positive part of natural child birth allows for the baby and the mother to experience a atural birth also help reduces the exposure to all the narcotics drugs, being hook up with IV lines, or headache and backache due to a possible side effect of epidurals that is given through labor. Also the pros with natural childbirth also lessen the likelihood of separating the mother from her child allows the mother and the infant to have a natural bond and being able to have immediate contact and have a successful breastfeeding bond after giving birth. The most important event that your partner can be involved in the process to help guide you with breathing exercises, and visualization.The cons of natural childbirth is experiencing th e Natural childbirth which is painful, and a scary experience which does not eliminate pain and allows the mothers to feel very connected with childbirth from the pushing that comes with the labor The only choices that the mothers have Is the choice of the different breathing techniques, certain meditation, and changing of their positions to help lighten the pain that they feel during delivering. Natural labor can lead to longer intense labor which most mothers have low toleration for pain and causes weakness through the process of pushing and affect both the other and the baby with complication situations and loss of blood. The other form of birth methods has some benefits of planning a C-section which knows the scheduled date ahead of time from your Ob-Gyn. Also for those mothers who look forward to this special day, but also being prepared, a having scheduling a Cesarean until instead of waiting to go into labor which can make childbirth seem much more can make child more easy. S ince there is no way to control the act of natural labor will happen to place before scheduled date. One of the main objectives is to preserve the vaginal.Which is common since once you give childbirth the body goes through changes? Like there are signs that one can experience when having a vaginal birth like feeling an unconfined leakage of urine even not able to control your bowel movements which result from vaginal birth. When having Contractions during labor there are signs which can cause severe distress, which many of us would choose to avoid if possible. Additionally, though the soreness after a Cesarean is far worse than the aching and soreness following a vaginal delivery because the incision has to heal and you’ll be sore.If the avoidance can be allowed this will enable a better child birth and on the other hand there may be times that other methods may be necessary. There may be certain times that a different birthing method may help prevent complications due to me dical reasons like a baby that is in a breech position or when a mother and a baby are having complications such as hypertension, diabetes, STD’s, herpes, and HIV. These methods can have severe difficulty and emotional although doctors agree to these methods they can have serious birthing complications due to medical and family history .They have tremendous complications and different emotional and physical effects and should be taken into consideration and should be consulted with a medical professional. Also C- sections are done in a life-saving surgical procedure that saves the lives of many babies and their mothers, doctors give their medical input on how women should give birth. The cons of cesarean is that many cesarean sections are unnecessary and how the average hospital charges are much greater for cesarean than vaginal birth, and may offer hospitals scope scope for rofit. Many cesarean sections are unnecessary hospital charges are much and how sections are unnecessa ry and how costly for cesarean than vaginal birth. Women who have cesarean need to stay in the hospital for more days to make sure the mothers are healing correctly and to be able to get to their normal route and also a cesarean can take longer to feel back to themselves. There are increased risks of breathing problems for the baby that have been shown through the process of labor and vaginal deliveries and that it helps babies' lungs evelop so that as soon as they are born, they can breathe on their own. Without going through labor, babies after planned C- sections are more likely to suffer from respiratory distress syndrome or other breathing complications. Premature babies are also more likely to have breathing problems due to incompletely developed lungs. One way to reduce the chances of this is to be sure to schedule the C-section for no earlier than 39 weeks of pregnancy. There are always certain risks in some pregnancies. If a woman plans to have more than one child, it is mp ortant to know that having a C-section for the first baby most likely guarantees that the rest of the children will be delivered by C-section. After each operation, the body forms scar tissue or adhesions during the healing process. This makes each subsequent surgery that much more difficult and more risky. Therefore, C-sections by choice are not the ideal solution for every woman. Reference http://www. livestrong. com/article/12132-cesarean-section-choice-pros-cons/#ixzz22j4e6kPf http://www. ehow. com/about_6632752_child-rearing-practices. html#ixzz22iip5Vts Methods of Birth Assesstment Damien Gatson Psy -225 Human sexuality Jimletta Vareena-Thomas August 05, 2012 Methods of Birth Assessment Childrearing is the one of the most crucial times in a mother’s and father’s life and is An journey into parenthood that finally turns into a journey of becoming an adult. The Child birthing practice allows us to decide on which birth methods we prefer, but some childbearing are not by choice. There are much that has been written about childbearing practices, whether it; the wrong way or the right way, which also chosen by different culture.Personally child bearing changes have changed and are unalike in different cultures. There are some differences that are quite intemperate and obvious whereas others are definitely more subtle, despite there are apparent differences, and there are similarities that are inherent when it comes to giving birth. The delivery of a baby is one of life’s most valuable moments, and the view of a new life. Labor can also be an unp leasant, painful, and can bring the feasibility of difficulty or problem for both mother and baby. The birthing of a baby is a process that requires intervention from a medical rofessional facility which help guide the mother through labor and delivery. That’s why they have different methods of birth assessment that is out there like vaginal birth and cesarean which are both done in the hospitals or birthing centers. It is very important to always be ready and make preparations, to prepare a birth plan before coming to the hospital and let the staff be aware of your preference of choices. Sometimes prior to your arrival there or a written birth method plan that might be pre-approved by your OB-GYN due to certain health issues, to ease he stress for the mother and her baby during labor. There is no guaranteed way to fore see the future or what the birthing will be like no matter which choice is selected. That is why it is important to think about all or questions on the list a nd things that are important to you in making any health care decision unless otherwise. Like natural birth for most upcoming mothers, a natural birth help increase The probability of a healthier and easier recovery, which can be caused by post-intervention. The positive part of natural child birth allows for the baby and the mother to experience a atural birth also help reduces the exposure to all the narcotics drugs, being hook up with IV lines, or headache and backache due to a possible side effect of epidurals that is given through labor. Also the pros with natural childbirth also lessen the likelihood of separating the mother from her child allows the mother and the infant to have a natural bond and being able to have immediate contact and have a successful breastfeeding bond after giving birth. The most important event that your partner can be involved in the process to help guide you with breathing exercises, and visualization.The cons of natural childbirth is experiencing th e Natural childbirth which is painful, and a scary experience which does not eliminate pain and allows the mothers to feel very connected with childbirth from the pushing that comes with the labor The only choices that the mothers have Is the choice of the different breathing techniques, certain meditation, and changing of their positions to help lighten the pain that they feel during delivering. Natural labor can lead to longer intense labor which most mothers have low toleration for pain and causes weakness through the process of pushing and affect both the other and the baby with complication situations and loss of blood. The other form of birth methods has some benefits of planning a C-section which knows the scheduled date ahead of time from your Ob-Gyn. Also for those mothers who look forward to this special day, but also being prepared, a having scheduling a Cesarean until instead of waiting to go into labor which can make childbirth seem much more can make child more easy. S ince there is no way to control the act of natural labor will happen to place before scheduled date. One of the main objectives is to preserve the vaginal.Which is common since once you give childbirth the body goes through changes? Like there are signs that one can experience when having a vaginal birth like feeling an unconfined leakage of urine even not able to control your bowel movements which result from vaginal birth. When having Contractions during labor there are signs which can cause severe distress, which many of us would choose to avoid if possible. Additionally, though the soreness after a Cesarean is far worse than the aching and soreness following a vaginal delivery because the incision has to heal and you’ll be sore.If the avoidance can be allowed this will enable a better child birth and on the other hand there may be times that other methods may be necessary. There may be certain times that a different birthing method may help prevent complications due to me dical reasons like a baby that is in a breech position or when a mother and a baby are having complications such as hypertension, diabetes, STD’s, herpes, and HIV. These methods can have severe difficulty and emotional although doctors agree to these methods they can have serious birthing complications due to medical and family history .They have tremendous complications and different emotional and physical effects and should be taken into consideration and should be consulted with a medical professional. Also C- sections are done in a life-saving surgical procedure that saves the lives of many babies and their mothers, doctors give their medical input on how women should give birth. The cons of cesarean is that many cesarean sections are unnecessary and how the average hospital charges are much greater for cesarean than vaginal birth, and may offer hospitals scope scope for rofit. Many cesarean sections are unnecessary hospital charges are much and how sections are unnecessa ry and how costly for cesarean than vaginal birth. Women who have cesarean need to stay in the hospital for more days to make sure the mothers are healing correctly and to be able to get to their normal route and also a cesarean can take longer to feel back to themselves. There are increased risks of breathing problems for the baby that have been shown through the process of labor and vaginal deliveries and that it helps babies' lungs evelop so that as soon as they are born, they can breathe on their own. Without going through labor, babies after planned C- sections are more likely to suffer from respiratory distress syndrome or other breathing complications. Premature babies are also more likely to have breathing problems due to incompletely developed lungs. One way to reduce the chances of this is to be sure to schedule the C-section for no earlier than 39 weeks of pregnancy. There are always certain risks in some pregnancies. If a woman plans to have more than one child, it is mp ortant to know that having a C-section for the first baby most likely guarantees that the rest of the children will be delivered by C-section. After each operation, the body forms scar tissue or adhesions during the healing process. This makes each subsequent surgery that much more difficult and more risky. Therefore, C-sections by choice are not the ideal solution for every woman. Reference http://www. livestrong. com/article/12132-cesarean-section-choice-pros-cons/#ixzz22j4e6kPf http://www. ehow. com/about_6632752_child-rearing-practices. html#ixzz22iip5Vts

California's Diverse Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

California's Diverse Population - Essay Example A diverse population becomes the defining characteristic of modern day California. This acceptance results in people co-existing within the same environment harmoniously. Within the process of living together, certain elements of the cultures become shared and learned between the people. Assimilation has been described as the process through which cultures begin to resemble one another through shared values and behaviours. The culture which results from assimilation has been compared to a molten pot or a bowl of salad because of the various elements which are involved. The aspect of a bowl of salad does not fully fit into the description of assimilation since it only signifies the co-existence of different cultural backgrounds within the same region. The multicultural societies can be perfectly described by the concept of a salad bowl where assimilation has not occurred. The melting pot concept also does not clearly describe the element of cultural assimilation. This is because despite the cultural elements becoming mixed up, there are still traces of the differences which define each culture (Sunday Review, 2014). The resulting culture becomes something different from all the rest, but the practices of each culture are not completely eliminated. Cultural assimilation can be defined as a process through which ones cultural practices begin to resemble the practices of another culture. The concept of assimilation describes effect which the changes have on both cultural background and in most cases results in the development of a unique culture among the people. This new culture carries traces of both cultural backgrounds and sometimes it could become a stronger culture. These cultural changes normally occur gradually over a long period of time until there can be a clearly distinct culture within the society (Le, 2014). The adoption of cultural values normally occurs spontaneously as a result of perceived cultural superiority of one

Immigration and asylum law (uk) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Immigration and asylum law (uk) - Assignment Example In advising Sanko on the merits of his application for asylum each of these issues are considered. Fear of Persecution The first important step in considering Sanko’s application for asylum is determining whether or not Sanko can legitimately claim refugee status. According to Article 1(2) of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951, refugee status is justifiable when: Owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.1 Based on Article 1(2) of the Refugee Convention, the main issue is whether or not Sanko’s fear of persecution is well- founded and whether or not Sanko reasonably fears that he will not be accorded protection against the perceived probability of persecution. Based on the facts of the case for discussion, Sanko fears that given that his car was stolen and used in a political murder, there are fears that his imputed political connections makes him vulnerable to execution, unlawful killing and torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in the DRC. If indeed these fears are real, Sanko then has a claim for refugee status under Article 1(2) of the Refugee Convention on the grounds of political opinion. In order to determine whether or not Sanko’s fears are well-founded the Home Office Border Agency report on the DRC is instructive. According to the Home office’s report on the DRC, up to 2012, there have been significant reports of political murders and human rights abuses in the DRC and there is no sign of these incidents tapering off any time soon. It also appears that civilia n lives and human rights are endangered by the ruling political party, the opposition, the military and law enforcement.2 In MM (UDPS members – Risk on return) Democratic Republic of Congo CG the appellant appealed against a decision by the Home Office to refuse the appellant’s application for asylum and leave to enter the UK. The Immigration Appeals Tribunal noted that although it continues to accept that â€Å"low level members/sympathisers of† of the opposition â€Å"will not be at real risk on return to the DRC in the current climate,† however, it was too soon in the political transition to establish a blanket rule.3 The tribunal therefore stated that: The risk category to those having or being perceived to have a military or political profile in opposition to the government is one that fluctuates in accordance with the political situation.4 Sanko’s political association is not revealed. However, his political profile is one in which he is perc eived as opposed to the government. This conclusion can be drawn from the fact that his car was used in murder of a government minister by rebels fighting the government. The fact that Sanko learned that his car was used in the murder of the government minister is evidence that Sanko can be and very probably has been identified as the killer and will be persecuted as

Discuss your most significnt cdemic or personl chievement Essay

Discuss your most significnt cdemic or personl chievement - Essay Example I succeeded to mintin multi-tsk ctivity nd m especilly proud to hve 4.00 grde point verge tht ultimtely llowed me to grdute s sluttorin. I hve lwys enjoyed school nd clsses nd tried to tke s much s it ws possible from every single lesson. I m n ctive student on clsses; I lwys tke n inititive when it comes to nswering techer's questions on regulr clsses or helping other students to keep up with some subjects. Besides cdemic excellence, I try to succeed in the theter production tht occupies the min prt of my extr-curriculr ctivities. I m currently plying led in "You're good mn Chrlie Brown". This role tkes lot of efforts, but I do like plying. My school, prt-time job nd service job leve little time to lern the scenrio tht is why I hve to be relly efficient if I wnt to succeed in the ply nd to mintin my led position. I m therefore continuously performing under strict dedlines nd cn be esily given to stress. However, I mnge my time nd ll tsks ccording to set priority nd time of delivery. In my thetricl performnce it is lso worth mentioning Sn Frncisco By re productions where I prticipted since the ge of three. I hve therefore completed over fifty productions. My chievements in theter lso include three rewrds for the best cting in dult legitimte theter. I hve been the Grnd Chmpion in vocls for the Stte of Cliforni during five yers: 2001, 2002, 2003 2004 nd 2006. Not only m I involved with cdemic nd extr curriculr ctivitie... In ddition to my employment I lso continue to volunteer for community service. I ssist in kindergrten clss every Wednesdy. I hve tied shoes; put on nme tgs, sng songs nd helped the children mke pple muffins. I help the techer with lessons, rt projects, supervising during "ply time," testing nd mny other spects of the creer I hope to hve one dy. It is the most rewrding experience t this pointing in my life. I love children. Wtching them grow nd lern is one of my gretest joys. I hve to sy tht from this wide rnge of experiences I hve gined brod bckground of life. I enjoy working with nd for people. I hve lerned from helping students to keep up with some subjects how to explin things in severl different wys nd not to give up until the student truly understnds the mteril. Multi-tsk ctivity helps me to lern to work under the strict dedlines nd to pprecite the time vlue. fter grdution I hope to become n (nme the position tht Morgn would like to hve). I m committed to this gol s is evident by my record of cdemic ccomplishments nd community service. I m convinced tht ll these fctors mke me good cndidte for the honors progrm.

Integrated Marketing Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Integrated Marketing Communication - Essay Example The Path Model demonstrated by Reid & Et. Al. , suggests the nexus between market orientations, brand orientations, and IMC have been depicted with the cohesion of brand identity. This model explains the importance of IMC in the organization. Camano (2006) conducted a research on branding as a communication tool and presented the importance of IMC in creating brand identity. IMC is seen as a step forward towards satisfying customers and company needs. The idea behind IMC is coordination of messages for maximum impact. IMC enhances the relationship that occurs due to company’s effort. Section 3: Significant Problem IMC is a powerful tool that leads practitioners in conducting and implementing marketing communications program. IMC is viewed as the effective integration of all communication tools that provide effective modes of creating the long-term relationship with the stakeholders. According to Luxton & Reid, there is a positive significant relationship between the factors of branding and IMC that an efficient mingling of the elements results in success for the organization. Tuominen & Laukkanen (2009) conducted a study on a structural equation model that produced the result which implied customer orientation along with inter-functional coordination affect brand orientation. According to Kliatchko (2008), IMC will continue to be an important area of research as the concept progress from time to time and hence different forms of its explanatory areas also evolve (Kliatchko, 2008).

Exam Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exam - Speech or Presentation Example This leads to mistakes while driving and accidents follow. Similarly, driving at extremely high speed increases the number of accidents because any slight driving mistake at such high speeds are fatal. Reckless driving also increases rates of accidents through collision with other vehicles, pedestrians or objects along the road (Hour, 2007). The coefficient of determination can be directly obtained from excel’s summary of output. It is given by the value for R2 in the summary output. According to the data, the coefficient of determination is given by, Coefficient of determination represents the proportion of the dependent variable that can be explained by the explanatory variables. The value from the output statistics therefore indicates that the regression formula explains about 64.32 % of the data. The correlation coefficient indicates the degree and direction of correlation between variables. It shows how strong the variables are related with high absolute values (closer to one) indicating strong correlation while low absolute values (closer to zero) indicates weak correlations. Positive values of the coefficient of correlation indicate a direct relationship between the variables while a negative value indicates an inverse relationship between the variables. The value of coefficient of correlation, 0.802, indicates that the age and number of concerts visited are directly correlated. The correlation is further identified to be strong as the coefficient is closer to one. The model represents a multiple regression. This is because simple regression is characterized by existence of a single explanatory variable while multiple regressions have more than one independent variables. The model under consideration has three independent variables, which qualifies it for a multiple regression. Where y is the age at death and x1, x2 and x3 are

Supernaturalist View Found in Civilizations Essay

Supernaturalist View Found in Civilizations - Essay Example Believers of supernaturalism argue that any event that goes beyond scientific understanding does actually exist just as the same way as natural occurrences do. This view can be supported by the fact that natural phenomena such as rainbows, lightning and floods were interpreted in ancient times as having some kind of unearthly causes behind them. Another school of thought believes that each so-called supernatural phenomenon is explicable through the knowledge of science. Now the root of controversy surrounding these two conflicting beliefs lies in the fact that there is no universally accepted definition of 'natural'. We may say that any event that takes place in accordance with natural and scientific laws is natural. In other words, any natural event can be seen or perceived, and can be affirmed by a set of proved principles. Having said that, we cannot really set a parameter by which we can verify, for instance, the existence of God. Hence, the controversy remains when it comes to d raw a borderline between the supernatural and the natural. The Code of Hamurabi, laid down in the eighteenth century B. C., is a source of much historical as well as divine interpretation especially the way it is addressed to the Babylonian Gods. Elements of supernaturalism can also be traced in the Judeo-Christian tradition where the Ten Commandments enlist moral and religious duties to be followed to show obedience to the Almighty. This revered set of imperatives has been in use in many civilizations including the Roman and in the Middle-East. Egypt, the country of myths and mysteries, has innumerable supernatural elements to be explored. The Pyramid of Khufu, also known as the Great Pyramid, is a source of wonder for historians, scientists and archeologists alike. Many folklores and legends are associated with this gigantic and awe-inspiring construction. The preternaturalism is vividly depicted in the treatise of Herodotus: "[he] brought the country into all sorts of misery. He closed all the temple, then, not content with excluding his subjects from the practice of their religion, compelled them without exception to labor as slaves for his own advantage". (Tour Egypt, 1996) Evidences of supernaturalism are widespread in prehistoric cave paintings that have been found in many parts of Europe. Based on the timeline, these paintings are classified to three main epochs - Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Mesolithic. The literary significance of such art forms is of immense worth, considering how they have been preserving the essence of proto-European culture. The marvels of prehistoric sculpture are to be explored in the North European megaliths. Carved with symbolisms that substantiate physical and ideological beliefs surrounding the areas dwelt by the first Northern farmers, researches on the construction of megaliths have thrown light on the contemporary cultural and ritualistic landscape of the northern parts of Europe. The 'Emergence Myth' and the 'Creation Myth' carried by the Anasazi Symbolism are two of the most prominent religious structures from the New Mexico region. The 'Emergence Myth' tells about the sacred Spirits or the Kachinas, whereas the 'Creation Myth' is about the origin of the earth. (Granite School District Teacher Quality Center, 2004) The power of magic, divination and demonology was literally

Japanese Economic Nationalism Essay Example for Free

Japanese Economic Nationalism Essay Economic nationalism refers to the use of policies that are guided by the idea of protecting domestic consumption, labor, and capital formation, even when these policies require the imposition of tariffs in addition to other restrictions on the movement of labor, goods, and capital. In many cases, economic nationalism is opposed to globalization or unrestricted free trade. Economic nationalism could include doctrines such as protectionism and import substitution (Economic Nationalism, 2007). What is more, Japan is a master in the use of policies that define economic nationalism (Hall). To other nations around the world, Japanese economic nationalism appears as self-seeking behavior. Besides, this self-serving attitude of Japan can drive other nations also to feel particularly touchy about their own national interests with respect to Japan. Thus, Patrick J. Buchanan (1995) speaks for the American people: With the collapse of U. S. Japan trade talks, the hour of the economic nationalist may be at hand. In British Columbia, U. S. demands that Japan open her markets to more American autos and parts were rudely rebuffed. Japans top negotiator virtually dared us to impose sanctions. We will haul you up before the World Trade Organization. Tokyo warns; and there we will have you branded a violator of the free trade principles you so noisily preach – before an international tribunal you yourselves set up. Angry Clintonites intend to impose 100 percent tariffs on $6 billion of Japans exports. This JAPANESE ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Page # 2 doesnt even qualify as a spanking. Americans are in a mood for action; and the GOP should demand more serious sanctions. Enough is enough. In 1953, we had 60 percent of Japans auto market; by 1960, our share had been slashed to 1 percent. That is all we have now. Since 1970, Japan has purchased 400,000 U. S. cars, while selling us 40 million. Nationalism is emotion arousing. And, Luke S. Roberts (1998) seems to know about the subconscious roots of economic nationalism in the Japanese mind. According to the author, these roots lie in an eighteenth century concept of political economy referred to as â€Å"kokueki† or â€Å"national prosperity. † The concept of kokueki was articulated in Tosa, which was one of more than 230 Japanese domains that made up Japan during the Tokugawa period. The domains were autonomous with regards to internal administration. Nevertheless, they were often expected to sacrifice their own economic interests to meet obligations and services required by the shogun and his government. During a period of economic crises in the first half of the eighteenth century, Tosa was compelled to adopt mercantilist policies in order to protect its own wellbeing. The concept of kokueki was at the heart of these policies. In this way, Tosa looked upon itself as a nation instead of holding itself responsible for the economic wellbeing for all Japanese domains under the shogun (Roberts). By pursuing the interests of the domain instead of those of the entire government and the shogun, Tosa acted as a model for the rest of the Japanese domains who too began to look upon JAPANESE ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Page # 3 self-interest as a lucrative attitude. Tosa had thus prepared the ground for the overthrow of the shogun’s government. Eventually, the domain along with few others like itself engineered the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the year 1868. Furthermore, Tosa and partners extended the concept of kokueki from their domains to the entire country. This provided the new Meiji government with a model for the establishment of a nationally organized political economy (Roberts). Economic nationalism has worked for Japan for many years, and there is no law on earth against it (Hall). Even so, Buchanan (2006) complains about it once again: â€Å"China and Japan manipulate their currencies and tax polices to promote exports, cut imports and run trade surpluses at Americas expense. † Besides putting financial pressure on Japan, in the name of tariffs, America seems to have a less burdensome and more reasonable way to convince Japan to move toward liberalization. Tariffs are, of course, burdensome also for American consumers who love Japanese cars. The United States can convince Japan to move toward liberalization more easily by the use of reason, that is, by expressing the fact that economic nationalism did the nation no good when it was time for the Asian crises of the 1990s. Prior to Japan’s prolonged doldrums at the time, its economic nationalism was looked upon as its formula for success. But this changed when Japan saw that all of the nations that followed its formula were in crises during the 1990s (Hall). International support was the need of the hour. And so, Japan should have realized that nationalist economic policies have no place in an age of economic globalization (Hall). The fact that Japan did not see economical nationalism as the real problem, is the cause of Buchanan’s JAPANESE ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Page # 4 complaint. All the same, the author may discover that in order to see the changes that he wants to see through in the Japanese economic policies – it is best to appeal to Japanese reason, and put the facts before the country before another crisis occurs. After all, economic nationalism is to the mainframe computer as globalization and internalization are to the Japanese PC!

Eragon Essay Example for Free

Eragon Essay Often, heroic characters have to make tough choices in life; occasionally, the result of said choices is not to the individual’s benefit, but the outcome may bring joy to other people’s lives. In Christopher Paolini’s Eragon, coincidences, decisions, and desires combine to change Eragon’s life forever. Eragon is a hard working farm boy who shows a great deal of patience, honesty, and curiosity. He showcases these skills when hunting for food, and by coincidence he discovers a mysterious blue stone which he decides, out of curiosity, to take home with him. This â€Å"egg†, which happens to hatch into a dragon; this discovery becomes a turning point in Eragon’s life and he knows it could enable his way out of a long and tedious life. In fact, Eragon’s decision to keep and ultimately raise the dragon triggers his transformation from a boy to a dragon rider; forever altering his destiny, he will have to travel and meet new people. He will have to make sacrifices and must accept the consequences to bring peace to Alagaesia; and he will make the inevitable choice of raising this dragon (Saphira) and training himself and his dragon to kill the Ra’zac and overthrow the Empire. In this commitment, Eragon shows that a point in a person’s life where an event dramatically changes who or what he/she will become. Eragon’s decisions bring consequences and responsibilities’ compel him to fight for something in life and stand up for what one believes in. People can lead their lives one way and know what their destiny might be, only to have coincidences alter their lives for the better, or the worst. As Eragon’s quest begins he shows how any person with desire, passion, and hard work can prove himself to be a man of honour, and bravery. Coincidences can lead someone to meet different people, and see new places. A person’s life can ultimately be altered because of one coincidence and can change the course of his/her life in a good or bad way. Eragon’s life takes a dramatic turn after coincidently finding the egg while hunting for food, for his family. After finding the egg and realizing it is a dragon Eragon knows he has to do what he was destined to do: train Saphira and overthrow the Empire. â€Å"He raced home, trying to escape the dragon my dragon† (pg. 6) This mindset of Eragon shows that as much as he wants to escape the dragon, he can’t because he has made a special bond with the dragon and will inevitably raise her as his own, and because Eragon’s eye that catches the stone in the forest leads him to become the next dragon rider and to overthrow the evil reign of King Galbatorix. Also by coincidence, there is a story teller (Brom) who lives in Eragon’s village who has a great deal of knowledge about dragons and magic, and decides to aid Eragon in his journey. After Eragon is aware that Brom is willing to help him, this pushes Eragon to make the decision and to take the responsibility as the next dragon rider. Eragon learns a great deal from Brom, who becomes one of his closest friends who also ends up being a dragon rider many years ago. Being the good friends they become Brom aids him and Eragon has the knowledge and strength to defeat Durza (Galbatorix’s Shade). When captured by the Ra’zac and almost being killed, another coincidence occurs when a mysterious figure scares away the Ra’zac saving Eragon’s, Brom’s and Saphira’s lives. This mysterious person, whose name is Murtagh, also joins Eragon in his journey and assists him in killing the Ra’zac. This coincidence results in Murtagh saving Eragon’s life and continuing their journey, as well finding a helper in Murtagh to support him in his journey. †Who are you? † â€Å"Murtagh† (pg. 268) Not only does Murtagh save their lives but he plays a big role in helping Eragon, but shows how without Murtagh he would not make it as far as he did. Knowing Brom dies shortly after) Making a decision can alter someone’s life forever, and there is no going back especially when the decisions affects other people’s lives as well, making the decisions irreversible. Eragon makes the decision to keep the egg and when it hatches and to raise Saphira as his own, this leads to the Ra’zac coming to his doorstep and killing his uncle. This is a significant event because Eragon’s uncle was practically his father and making the decision to keep the egg results in his uncle’s death, and without him he feels lost; however, the bond he creates with Saphira is so immense, that only death can break it. The Empire is alerted that Eragon has the egg, and the send the Ra’zac to retrieve the egg back for the King. Making the decision to keep the egg is what instigates his entire journey and creates that special bond with his dragon. Eragon makes the decision to pursue the killers to avenge his uncle’s death and to bring peace to Alagaesia. He changes his life by pursuing the Ra’zac wanting the satisfaction of doing to the Ra’zac what they did to his uncle and feeling obligated to his uncle for all that he has done in his life to apprehend the murderers â€Å"What do you want me to do ursue the strangers? † (pg. 92) He asks this of Saphira, who agrees with Eragon to pursue the strangers. With this one decision of following the killers, he changes his life dramatically and if he succeeds, he can change everybody’s life for the better. Eragon decides that he cannot continue his journey without more help, so he travels to the Beor Mountains to seek help from the Varden, a rebellious group also against the Empire. After Brom dies, Murtagh helps him; however, this is not enough after he knows he has too many enemies: Urgals, the Ra’zac and Durza the shade. It is a desperate path to take We are desperate† (pg. 320). This decision is a great benefit to Eragon because he gets all the help he needs, meets the person who has been in his dreams in Arya (an elf from the Varden who is trapped) and eventually kills Durza. When a person desires something in life, he/she will do whatever it takes to achieve it, sometimes the desire is so strong that is can change someone’s life. Eragon has a desire to avenge his Uncle Garrow’s death after the Ra’zac brutally murders him. This eventually changes his life, because of chasing the killers. And what would give him more satisfaction than hunting down the strangers? †(pg. 93) He asks Saphira how he can satisfy himself, then realizes hunting them down and killing them would be the only way to achieve total satisfaction for his burning desire to avenge his uncle as well as finally feeling the sense of accomplishment of the commitment he made. Eragon has a desire to become the very best he can at magic, and swordsmanship, this pushes him to become the best so he can fend off for himself and not rely on others to help him. It is time for you to use the blade We’ll cut each other to ribbons Not so. Again you forget magic† (pg. 159) This is when Eragon and Brom have their daily sparring, where Brom teaches Eragon how to fight with a sword and magic, his desire to become the best shows when he wants to learn something new every time they spar. After seeing Arya imprisoned in his dreams, he is determined and has a desire to rescue her. Arya, who ends up being the elf that sent the egg to Eragon in the first place. â€Å"I expect the queen’s hostility will abate. The fact you rescued Arya will greatly help our case with her† (pg. 410) The queen is somewhat against having a dragon rider joining the Varden, but because he had a desire to rescue her and risked his life saving Arya, the queen allows Eragon to join. Sometimes in life people have to make tough choices that will positively or negatively affect others around them. The choices we make can change our and other people’s lives forever, there are many things that may change how our life is played out, coincidences, decisions, and desires just being a few.

Multiple Objects Tracking Via Collaborative Background Subtraction Computer Science Essay

Multiple Objects Tracking Via Collaborative Background Subtraction Computer Science Essay Multiple Objects Tracking Via Collaborative Background Subtraction. Object tracking system is a group of integrated modern technology working together to achieve certain of purpose like monitoring, tracking moving object such as vehicle. The main purpose of the object tracking is to achieve monitoring purpose such surveillance in restricted area, providing information about moving vehicle located at road to Intelligent Traffic System and traffic monitoring. This project discusses the development of the object tracking system and the idea of this system is based on vision system available on current market. For this object tracking system, user can monitor and track moving object such as vehicle where the vision system been placed. Software MATLAB is used to program algorithm like detecting and tracking moving object where the vision system is placed and display moving object image for user. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE DECLARATION i ABSTRACT ii ABSTRAK iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURE viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix LIST OF TABLES Table No. Description Page Table 4.1: Summarize of three experiment conduct previously. 17 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.1: Example of Median Filtering, value of current pixel will replaced using new median value 5 Figure 2.2: Normal presentation of a straight line 7 Figure 3.1: Relationship between webcam, MATLAB and GUI 11 Figure 3.2: Flow of work for vehicle tracking system 12 Figure 4.1: Logitech Quickcam Pro 4000 Image 14 Figure 4.2: Image captured for YCbCr return color space 15 Figure 4.3: Image captured for grayscale return color space 16 Figure 4.4: Image captured for grayscale return color space 17 Figure 5.1: Example of frame differencing 23 Figure 5.2: Memory of cache been flush 24 Figure 5.3: GUI window layout design 25 Figure 6.1: Display figure when there is no moving object 28 Figure 6.2: Moving curtain cause by wind 28 Figure 6.3: Moving stand fan motion. Frame start from up to bottom and left to right. 31 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CCD Charge-couple Device FPS Frames per Second GUI Graphical User Interface ID Identification Number USB Universal Serial Bus VGA Video Graphics Array CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Overview Object tracking system is defined as a real time vision system which is capable to perform desired surveillance task without human supervision (Nguyen, K. et al., 2002). Besides that, object tracking system is able to detect object which is moving in street such as vehicles or pedestrian without human assistance. Furthermore, an object tracking system may also send amount of vehicle which is moving in desire area to assist data collection for Intelligent Transportation System (R. Reulke et al., 2002). This tracking system may also have the abilities to resist with environmental changes such as shadow of surrounding building or even slow moving vehicles. Therefore, a quick response for vision fields such as real time street monitoring system which are able to perform moving object detection. In this project, the main purpose is to design an object detection mechanism for an object tracking system, from connecting a vision system to a computer. The target is to build an applicable obje ct tracking system. Object tracking system can distinguish between static background and moving objects by itself and able to display and tracking moving objects if any moving objects detected. Hence, it allow us to monitor a heavy load street which having high volume of usage. Furthermore, it can contribute data collection if those areas contain Intelligent Traffic System which can reduce time of waiting for vehicle located at traffic light. Since year 2000, plenty of fast response time or accurate object detection algorithm had been release such as background subtraction, mean shift, Kalmen filter, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, Kernel Density and others. Object Tracking System consists of two major systems which are vision system and moving object detection and tracking software system. The vision system is responsible to export video stream captured and send to tracking system. Meanwhile, the tracking system is to let user monitor and been inform if moving object detected. In this project, object tracking system will be design and developed to ensure it is capable to detect and tracking moving object such as vehicles moving in street. Due to this, it could not effectively detect fast moving object, surrounding light intensity is too low or shadow of building. As a result, the detection algorithm should fast enough to process each frame coming from vision system and can able to encounter problem stated before such as shadow surrounding and slow responding time by tracking system. Problem Statement The current real time object tracking systems developed usually cannot eliminate having slow respond during tracking object which will limit the robustness of object tracking. Hence, the algorithm that able to having less computation time is necessary to be developed. Background subtraction at the initial detection will save computation time for faster response to detect an object in real time. To obtain more accurate tracking result, a more precise detection and tracking algorithm will be carried out. It is believe to track the moving object using this algorithm will taking less time and providing more accurate result. Objective The aim of this project is to detect multiple moving objects through real time vision system. This projects aim can be realized by accomplishing the following sub-objectives. To study and identify practical parameters to track a moving object. To implement background subtraction for real time detection purpose. To enhance the developed algorithm for continuous tracking purpose. To ascertain and enhance performance of develop background subtraction based tracking system. 1.4 Scope of Work The main scope of this project is to build an object tracking system capable of detect and track moving object. The object tracking system includes a vision system and an image processing system. The image processing system will able to detect moving objects and tracking it continuously. MATLAB control m-file will be acts as core of the object tracking system, it will be use as detect and track moving vehicle in video supply by vision system. The vehicle tracking system will display in GUI window. Vision system will be use as a supplier to supply tracking system that video capture in desire area. This system should be small enough so that it can be easily set up or take away. Organization of the Report This report includes seven chapters, each chapter is properly divided and plan. Vision system and object tracking system will be discussed in each chapter. Chapter 2 discussed about review of object tracking and detecting method available nowadays. Chapter 3 explains about flow of work require for this tracking system, parameter require during tracking system is running, input and output prediction and concept how to build this tracking system using vision system available in market. Chapter 4 explains hardware and software setup before this tracking system was starting to run. This is to ensure vision system will supply appropriate video require for tracking system and MATLAB will provide suitable arrangement such as memory to process the video supply by vision system. Chapter 5 discuss about algorithm using in this project that is background subtraction using frame difference. In this chapter, an M-file will be constructing and including function requires establishing the tracking system. The tracking system should able running using hardware and software setup preparing at previous chapter together with this M-file. Chapter 6 show image output and result obtain during this tracking system is running. Firstly it will show successful background subtraction and secondly it will show distortion of surrounding such as shadow of object. Chapter 7 will summarizes and concludes the report by stating the limitations of the project as well as the future work of the project. CHAPTER 2 review of object tracking and detecting method 2.1 Overview In this chapter, review of existing method to detect and track object will be discussed. Algorithm that suitable for detect and tracking also will be studied. Several algorithms will be review by student. 2.2 Median Filter Median Filter, use to reduce small noise in an image is a commonly used technique (Al-amri, S.S et al., 2010). According research by Boyle, small noise normally appears very distinct and its having quite different value in grayscale within its neighbor pixel values. By changing its gray value to the median of neighboring pixel value, the noise can be eliminating using this technique. Using example in Figure 2.1, the value of neighboring pixels are 115, 119, 120,123, 124,125,126,127 and 150. By calculating median value using these neighbor pixels, we can obtain median value is 124. Replacing pixels in centre using median value will eliminate the noise. Figure 2.1: Example of Median Filtering, value of current pixel will be replaced using new median value In order to obtain more accurate median value, we should increasing number of neighbor which involve in median value calculating. This technique will become more and more complex when dealing with bigger image. Besides that, computation cost and time require is relatively high because it needs to sort all value in neighbor. 2.3 Canny Edge Detector Canny introduce a well-known technique using edge detection (Neoh, H.S et al., 2005). This method requires few steps to track an object. Remove small noise using smooth a image Two gradient images are generated on both vertical and horizontal direction using one of the gradient operators based on previous image. Result denoted as Gx (m,n) and Gy(m,n) where m and n are pixel coordinate. Calculate edge magnitude and direction images from previous two images. Edge magnitude, M (m,n) = Edge direction, Threshold the edge magnitude image M (m, n). Set pixel to zero if their value below a predefined threshold. Reduce edge breadth by non-maxima operation on MT (m, n) the non-zero pixels in MT (m, n) are set to zero if their value are not greater than their neighbors along the direction indicate by. Result is threshold using two identical thresholds: T1 and T2 where T1 Edge with a magnitude less than T1 will be removed and those greater than T2 are detect as real edge. Edges with magnitude between T1 and T2 also detected as edges if they connect to an edge pixel. 2.4 Hough Transform This technique detects object whose shape can be parameterized in a Hough parameter space (Gurbuz, A.C. et al., 2008).These objects include polynomials, straight line, circle and etc. The peaks detected in Hough parameter space is used to describe the object space. An example, line segment can be described using a parametric notion: Where r is length of a normal from origin to this line and ÃŽÂ ¸ is orientation of r with respect to x-axis. ÃŽÂ ¸ Figure 2.2: Normal presentation of a straight line Using this normal presentation, we can transform the points on the line to curve in a Hough parameter space whose coordinates represent the normal length and orientation. Points which are on the line generate curves intersecting at a common point (r, ÃŽÂ ¸). 2.5 CamShift CamShift or Continuosly Adaptive Mean Shift track objects based their color. This technique was developed and detects an object using centre and size of the object in a given image (Ganoun, A. et al., 2006). Step of tracking an object is as follows: Set the size of search window. Initialize location of searching window. Location of centroid within search window based on the 0th and first moment been computed. Search window is centered at the centroid. Step three and step for is repeated until it has move for distance lee then a preset threshold. In order to use this technique, an identical color of object must be use. Hence, one object with complex color is not suitable for this technique. 2.6 Kalman Filter This algorithm is a state estimation based on feedback control mechanism (Donald, J.S. et al., 1998). This filter will predict the process state and then obtains feedback from the measurement. Equation for Kalman filter is divided to two groups: Time update equation. Measurement update equations Time update equation is used to predict current state and error covariance. Output of these equations is a state of prediction for next time step. In the other hands, the measurement update equations incorporate a new measurement into their prior prediction. Output of this is an improved estimation compared to other estimation. However, Kalman Filter cannot detect fast moving object such as moving vehicle in Highway, this is because changes in speed, acceleration can be dramatic during two consecutive frames. The Kalman filter is not fast enough to respond to constant and sudden changes of system rate. Hence, it is not suitable for detection purpose which require less computation time. 2.7 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a class of algorithm for sampling from probability distributions based on constructing a Markov Chain that has desired distribution as its equilibrium distribution. In order to construct a Markov chain Monte Carlo, it must contain three main stages (Jia, Y.Q. et al., 2009): Model Construction. Image is first pre-processed to retrieve its edge features. Models of roads and vehicle also been defined according for this method. Bayesian formulation. Since vehicle detection and segmentation problem is casted as Bayesian problem of finding a MAP solution, a corresponding formulations been defined. Prior probability and like hood of vehicles proposal are defined from which the form of the posterior probability is derived to evaluate different proposals. Detect a vehicle using MCMC. Construct a Markov chain to sample the proposal in the parameter space. Monte Carlo method with simulated annealing been used to search for the position and other related parameters that fixed actual vehicles most. 2.8 Background Subtraction In background subtraction, two image been captured in same location will be compared. Assume first image did not contain any moving object (empty background) and next image contain one moving object. Minus the second image with first image will contain moving object only since background of image been subtracted (Fukushima, H. et al., 1991). The image is read as array format in the image processing, which each pixels is represented by matrix coordinates (x,y). The intensity at position (x,y) is define by I (x,y). (4.1) From Equation 4.1 Where lc, Ib, Is are the contributions from the foreground objects and background objects respectively. In the image for the subtraction, the brightness is written as (4.2) The position adjustment between the two images is easily carried out by using the foreground objects. In order to obtain the foreground object, the first image is subtracted from the second one which contains the foreground object as show in Equation 4.2. CHAPTER 3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 3.1 Introduction Method of how to detect and track object will discuss in this chapter. The vision system will capture video in a desire area and send that video to MATLAB for processing. The MATLAB will process data coming from vision system and performing tracking action. Figure below show the mechanism for vision system and MATLAB. The vision system includes webcam which can connect to a computer using USB. The MATLAB will get data from vision system and processing the data. After that, A GUI window will show moving object if moving object exist capture by vision system. Webcam MATLAB GUI Figure 3.1: Relationship between webcam, MATLAB and GUI MATLAB been chosen as platform for detecting and tracking due to it contain powerful toolbox which can use to synchronize with webcam and can produce a simple detect and track vehicle tracking program. Besides that, it also can produce a GUI window which is requiring for the tracking system. 3.2 Flow Chart of Work In this section, flow of work requires detecting and tracking moving object will be further discussed. Frame differencing will be using to subtract the background and obtain the masking of moving object. In order to obtain more accurate result, a more accurate algorithm will be use to track moving object. Input Video Frame from camera Pre-processing Store the current frame as background Subtract the next frame with background image Save into memory Update current frame as background Display moving object and track it continuously. Figure 3.2: Flow of work for object tracking system 3.3 Discussion In this chapter, draft and prototype of tracking system been discussed. In order to achieve this objective, the tracking system will be build based on conceptual design discussed previously. In the following chapter, pre-processing will be elaborated and method to connect webcam with MATLAB will be show. Preparation configuration also will discuss in details. CHAPTER 4 Hardware and Software Setup 4.1 Overview Hardware and software setup is defined as a preparation before a simulation is set up in either hardware (tools or instrument) or software (simulation program, programming language) by designer. A setup describes a system will be perfectly connecting between hardware and software to achieve certain mission. Engineer use a tools or instrument that either ready in market or design it according to their requirement. In other way, software such as scientific program also available in market, all that engineer need to do is fully utilize the program by design an efficient flow which can achieve their expectation. Engineer can develop a surveillance system and by using a mathematical modeling to analyze and obtain object which is moving from view of camera. In this chapter, hardware and software setup is carried out for the design of a street monitoring system. It includes the connecting webcam to MATLAB which will let MATLAB ready to get real time video recording from webcam, M-file coding which contain algorithm to extract background which is static from object (vehicles or pedestrians) which is moving. Lastly, is to show image which is moving after process of background subtraction been executed in form of GUI. 4.2 Tools and Software In this section, tools and software using along this project will be describe in details of how they contribute in this project. Tools using in this project is a webcam which can connect to computer via USB 2.0 connection, it can either capture a static picture or even recording a video which can be treat as real time recording device. Software using in this project is MATLAB R2009a. In MATLAB R2009a, toolbox which will be use to develop this street surveillance system is Image Acquisition Toolbox and Image Processing Toolbox. Image Acquisition Toolbox will be use to establish a real time recording from webcam and delivered to MATLAB. In other hands, Image Processing Toolbox will be use to process continuous frames capture which is stored in MATLAB and show moving object which is process by using background subtraction. 4.2.1 Webcam In this project, student will use Webcam which is product of Logitech with model Logitech Quick Cam Pro 4000. Figure 4.1: Logitech Quickcam Pro 4000 Image Source: Logitech Software Support (2010) Logitech Quick Cam Pro is a webcam that able to capture video in 640 x 480 resolutions and able to snapshot a picture with 1280 x 960 resolutions. Besides that, it also contains a build in microphone which able to record sounds around that webcam been located and activated. Video capture from this webcam is using advance VGA CCD sensor and up to 30 fps. (Logitech, 2004) In order to try different video input format, student tried several video input format available for this vision system such as YCbCr, grayscale and RGB. These three return color space been chosen due to vision system using at here, Logitech Quick Cam Pro 4000 only support these three return color space. Three experiments will be performing to choose the suitable return color space from YCbCr, grayscale and RGB. In each experiment, three cases will be using to test different light intensity towards an object (battery) that is low, normal and high. For low light intensity, surrounding of image captured should be dark enough. Normal light intensity test will be performing at inner space with medium light intensity and camera should not point toward a direction with strong light source such as sun or spotlight. In the last case, camera will be capture image in direction towards strong light source such as torchlight. These experiments will be tested using webcam connect to MATLAB and executing command codes. Summarize of three experiment will be included in Table 4.1. Experiment 1: Using YCbCr as video input format and display as figure. After webcam is connecting to MATLAB, code as below will be executing to perform the test. vid = videoinput(winvideo,1); set(vid,ReturnedColorSpace,YCbCr); preview(vid) From Figure 4.2(a), image obtained almost in dark due to low intensity of light surrounding object. Image can be seeing using human eyes in clear view for Figure 4.2(b). For last case, object still can consider as clear although white spot cause by strong light source located at upside of Figure 4.2(c). (a) (b) (c) Figure 4.2: Image captured for YCbCr return color space (a) Low light intensity (b) Normal light intensity (c) High light intensity From this experiment, this return color space is potential to be used in this project. It does not lose color property and only having small changes of color during in high light intensity situation. Experiment 2: Using grayscale as video input format and display as figure. To perform this experiment, previous video object should delete from MATLAB workspace and executing following code. vid = videoinput(winvideo,1); set(vid,ReturnedColorSpace,YCbCr); preview(vid) From both Figure 4.3(b) and Figure 4.3(c), we can see that color property of object only left color, that is black and white. Furthermore, Figure 4.3(c) does not have problem of overexpose. Same as previous, object hard to see in Figure 4.3(a). (a) (b) (c) Figure 4.3: Image captured for grayscale return color space (a) Low light intensity (b) Normal light intensity (c) High light intensity Although performance in handling high light intensity is better, this return color will not consider at this moment since color property of decrease that will limit the improvement of algorithm that may need color property. Experiment 3: Using RGB as video input format and display as figure. (Default returned color space in MATLAB) Since default setting for this webcam is RGB, after delete video object built in previous experiment, a new video input is create and preview directly. No return color space should be set. vid = videoinput(winvideo,1); preview(vid) It is not possible to capture image in dark environment at Figure 4.4(a). Figure 4.4(b) can represent each color of object with details. Furthermore, this return color space did not show problem of overexpose, as in Figure 4.4(c). (a) (b) (c) Figure 4.4: Image captured for grayscale return color space (a) Low light intensity (b) Normal light intensity (c) High light intensity From this experiment, it is clear to show that this return color is most suitable for this project among three return color space. It does not lose color property and yet can encounter overexpose problem. Table 4.1: Summarize of three experiments conduct previously. Property YCbCr Grayscale RGB Able to detect object in low light intensity No No No Color Returned Multi color Black and white Multi color Able to encounter overexpose Partially No Yes From Table 4.1, we can conclude RGB is the most suitable since from human visual view, grayscale return color space will lose its color characteristic since it will threshold the figure into black and white, we will unable to further recognize an object exist in frame of view due its unique characteristic such as color. YCbCr can be defined as a way to encode RGB information, thus using RGB will keep original characteristic remain unchanged. Using RGB, we still can develop other usage of it. Since return color space using is RGB, which is default in toolbox. We can ignore the set return color space in MATLAB coding during import the video input object. Initially, an object will be created to get input from webcam using following MATLAB command, obj = videoinput(winvideo,1) where 1 is ID number of camera input. After this MATLAB command is executed, an object named as obj will be store in workspace of MATLAB. In order to let the video input object continuously acquire the data, student has to instruct MATLAB by command as following: triggerconfig(obj, manual); set(obj, Tag, appTitle, FramesAcquiredFcnCount, 1, TimealrFcn, @locFrameCallback, TimerPeriod, 0.01); 4.2.2 MATLAB M-file Initially, we have to associate object (video input object) with figure in GUI of MATLAB, if it is already existed, we will use it or else create a new one. ud = get(obj, UserData); if ~isempty(ud) isstruct(ud) isfield(ud, figureHandles) ishandle(ud.figureHandles.hFigure) appdata.figureHandles = ud.figureHandles; figure(appdata.figureHandles.hFigure) else appdata.figureHandles = localCreateFigure(obj, appTitle); end An empty array with unset dimension and value will be used to store what the video input object needs in terms of application data. appdata.background = []; obj.UserData = appdata; Function named as imaqmotion which contain MATLAB command will be compile together and compile to ensure no error detect. In order to execute this function, user can create a video input object and executed it by named of function follow by name of video input object in bracket. 4.2.3 Error Catching in M-file To prevent MATLAB contain an existing video input object is running, a stop instruction will be included in M-fie. stop(obj) This is to ensure that only one new desire video input object will be use to perform the monitoring process. Besides that, MATLAB will show a warning if frame import from webcam takes too long returning. This warning can be skipped by using: warning off imaq:peekdata:tooManyFramesRequested MATLAB will stop responding and quit improperly if error that unpredicted occur during the process. Thus, we have catch the error and only pop out a warning message to indicate user that error been occur and MATLAB can stop the execution of function gracefully. catch error(MATLAB:imaqmotion:error, sprintf(IMAQMOTION is unable to run properly.n%s, lasterr)) end 4.3 Discussion In this chapter, student demonstrates how a MATLAB connect with webcam and import real time recording to MATLAB. Follow by preparing an environment where declared video input object will be store in workspace of MATLAB, where this object can be use to start the core of project, subtract object from static background. Steps mention before is to ensure user can executed several step in one simple instruction which is store in MATLAB M-file. In the next chapter, student will show how two consecutive frames being compare and spot which is not belong to previous frame (declare as background of frame) in same location of matrices will be show in MATLAB GUI. CHAPTER 5 BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION USING FRAME DIFFERENCE 5.1 Overview To achieve objective of this project, detect object which is moving from the view of vision system, we need develop a monitoring system which able to distinguish moving object and static background. This can be done using writing an algorithm using different language such as C programming, Open CV or MATLAB. In this chapter, background subtraction using frame difference will be implementing along this project to subtract the background. Background subtraction is a general method where as frame difference is a subset of background subtraction which compare the current frame with previous frame and any pixel not belongs to previous frame is consider as moving object. This method been chosen due to its simple operation and can reduce time require to process those frames import from vision system. Frame use as background will be store as array with constant array which contain information of pixel. This array will use as reference, in another, as a background of image which will be compared with next frame capture by vision system in variable of array. After two frames are being compared by using differencing method, object which consider as moving should be show in a window. Due to simple subtraction method, delay in video processing can be reduced. Those functions contain above ability will be include in M-file. Those instructions will be include in different function so that it can be executed according to flow of project. These include localFrameCallback (a function to update image display by video input object), localUpdateFig (function that update GUI window using latest data), localCreateFigure (function that create and initialize figure), localCreateBar (function that create and initialize bar display). 5.2 Initialize and Creating a Background Image This section is basically disc

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Homework "The amount of homework is and has been just ridiculous, my child can't have a real life," one parent complained in a school district survey. "There have been nights where we have been up until 12 or 1am because my child is still working on some school assignment." Homework is stressful and has no positive outcomes: it never raises your grade, it has little educational worth, and it ties up teachers’ time is marking it down taking time away from more effective lessons. Homework should not be allowed in schools being that it is pointless, stresses students and has little educational value. Many students in the United States believe that homework is a waste of their time and does not positively affect their test grades. They also feel that homework is tiring and a complete waste of their time. They constantly find themselves coming home after a long day of school, only to remember that school hasn’t necessarily left them. Homework ends up being done in a hurry, by students fighting fatigue, and poor quality work is produced. Worse still, students who have been up late trying to finish off their homework, then come tired into school the next day, and therefore are less ready to learn. Setting homework does little to develop good study skills. It is hard to check whether the homework students produce is really their own. Some students have always copied off others or got their parents to help them. But today there is so much material available on the internet that teachers can never be sure. It would be better to have a mixture of activities in the classroom which help students to develop a whole range of skills, including independent learning. Homework produces a large amount of pointless ... ...dents almost never want to do homework, so they end up doing it the next day, the period before the assignment is due, by either copying off one of their classmates or getting answers online. Students actually prefer to do homework with a buddy or partner so they can at least have a little fun with it. But by no means does homework teach students to become more independent. Homework has been a large controversy over the past few years in many school districts throughout the United States. Many schools support homework, while some schools don’t assign homework to their students. Yet studies show that homework or not, the test scores are generally equal. And sometimes, homework can bring down a student's standardized testing grades. Homework assignments are pointless work that brings stress, anxiety and no room for social life and family time among the student body.

A Digital Nation :: Internet Technology Technological Essays

A Digital Nation Have you ever heard someone say that we live in a digital nation? Do you know what a digital nation is? Well you should know because you are living in one. Our nation revolves around the use of computers. Can you go through a normal day without using something computer related? I don't think so. Many everyday things that you take for granted are computer based, such as: ATM's, credit cards, grocery check outs, and gas stations to name a few. I support Jon Katz's article The Netizen: Birth of a Digital Nation. Our nation would be a totally different place today if the computer was never invented. Computers have evolved incredibly in the past few years. Programs on computers help to make schools more organized and are used many times a day. Today most of the student's records are kept on a computer instead of in filing cabinets. Such as records of shots, attendance, grades, test scores, any problems the child has, and many others. With computers you can pull up a child's file within seconds instead of having to find the file in a cabinet, which could take several minutes. Computers keep all the files organized and make finding things easier for teachers, which helps them to get more things done in their busy day. Many teachers when assigning papers require them to be typed. Typed papers are a lot easier to read then hand written ones. Having a typed paper cuts down on the time needed to grade the papers and makes reading them a lot easier. Before computers, the time teachers needed to grade twenty papers was maybe four hours and now they can grade them in about two hours. Computers allow us to communicate with people all over the world. Thanks to the Internet you can talk with people from other counties and get a response within a few seconds. Instead if you had written a letter you might not get a response for weeks. The Internet also allows people who don't know each other to meet and become friends. Being able to connect to the Internet allows families to stay in touch even though they live thousands of miles away. The capabilities of being online makes things so much easier and faster, which we need, in order to keep up with the fast paced world we live in.

Investigating Special Education Internet Resources Essay

Family Village For Families of Children with Special Needs – http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/websites.html This website offers a wide variety of resources for the community to use when trying to navigate around the internet. It has sources such as Parent to Parent Matching, Mental health Websites, Diagnosis, and Internet resources. The Tulsa Area Alliance on Disabilities – http://208.112.118.116/disabili.html The website explains the benefits of early inclusion with students with and without disabilities. The website also breaks down the stages in which the person should be reaching milestones such as work and self-sufficiency. Tulsa Kids For Parents. For Families. For Life – http://www.tulsakids.com/October2011/Tulsa-Special-Needs-Resource-Guide/ The Tulsa Kids for Parents webstie offers five pages facilities where children with disabilities can utilize for exercise, activities, cheerleading, horseback riding and many other events that students with disabilities can participate in. This site also provides churches, foundations, learning facilities and legal services. This can be very helpful when parents are searching for activities their child may be interested or therapeutic exercise. United Way – Tulsa Area United Way – http://www.tauw.org/Member_Agencies.asp The Untied Way provides a tremendous amount of support in the Tulsa area for people with disabilities. The United Way partners with agencies to provide support for services the New Leaf that provides residential living skills classes and vocational training. Parents National Center for Learning Disabilities – http://www.ncld.org The NCLD website provides over 101 videos on different disabilities in order for parents to get an understanding of what type of disability their child may have. Not only does it provide facts about the disabilities it also provides true life stories from parents who have a child with a disability. Oklahoma Department of Human Services – http://www.okdhs.org/programsand services/dd/prvdrs/docs/providerlistab.htmlThe Department of Human Services is one of the most crucial services a parent can utilize. Having a child born with a disability is very expensive and the services the parents are offered are sometimes are life savers. Families can rely on free home visits for therapy, vouchers for formula, free shots and wellness baby checkups. Wrightslaw – http://www.wrightslaw.com/ Wrightslaw is a website that provides newsletters for parents to subscribe to concerning where to turn for Special Advocacy, Legal issues, revised regulations in education. This is a must to parents with a child that has a disability due to the fact that the website gets you headed in the right directs if a problem arises. The information is up to day on the No Child Left Behind Act. Students Funbrain – www.funbrain.com – This website provides interactive games such as connect the dots to create a picture of an animal or character. Funbrain is for all school age students and are arranged in different grade levels. KidsKnowIt Network – http://www.kidsknowit.com – The Kids Know It Network can be used as a homework helper by watching math videos on the problems a student may be struggling with. There are also bidoes on astronomy, biology, geology, history, math, memory and so much more. Teachers can utilize this website as an additional tool in the classroom. The great part about this website is it is free. Learn4Good – http://www.learn4good.com/kids/indes.htm – Learn4Good offers all ages Pre-k through 12 interactive games, lessons, math, reading, and can provide a report on student progress. At first I did not think students should be on this website but then took a closer look at what it had to offer the lower grades as well as the upper grades. Many times the older grades do not have enough educational websites to keep their interests or only geared to lower level learners. Starfall – http://www.starfall.com – Starfall offers children a large variety of learning tools to begin students learning adventures for all ages. The different categories range from learning their alphabet, colors, days, sounds to the students reading. My students with disabilities use this website when they come into the computer lab. Teachers Department of Education http://www.ed.gov The Department of Education is one of the most valuable websites that keeps teachers and administrators informed of the changing laws in education. It provides resources for grants, professional development and funding. Do2Learn http://www.do2learn.com Do2Learn is a must for teachers who teach children with autism. It allows you to print pictures of the child’s daily routine with flash cards. Self help toilet procedures, clothing, social behaviors and emotions. It offers over 2,500 pictures cards that can be printed. Most features on this site are free but there are some that you will need a subscription for. This website is a must for parents and teachers who work with Autistic students. Khan Academy http://www.khanacademy.org Khan Academy is one of the most valuable websites for teachers to utilize as a resources tool. It offers 750 math videos that allows students to view a 3-5 minute video on the math problem that they are currently working. If students struggle with a certain step of a math problem they can view the video as many times as they may need. This is great as a homework helper. Learning Disabilities Association of America http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/index.asp The LDA can provide a path to understanding of many of the disabilities that teachers come in contact with every day. As an educator it is important to utilize resources that can provide definitions of their student’s disabilities. It provides signs, symptoms and strategies. National Association of Special Education Teachers http://www.naset.org The NASET offers a wide range of resources for teachers such as Professional Development Courses, IEP Development Tools, E-Journals, IEP Golas, Objectives and Activities App. The most up to day features are also avail and can be utilized form your ipad or iphone app. One very important feature about this website is that it provides handouts, printable forms and reports. No Child Left Behind http://www.2.edu.gov/nclb.landing.jhtml The No Child Left Behind website offers resources for teachers and strategies that can be utilized in the classroom. Free special educational resources, bullying resources, are just some of the resources. The website also provides changes in the state standards, which is something that all teachers need to be aware of at all times.

Professional practice in childrens care Essay

Understand values, principles and statutory frameworks that underpin service provision in childrens care, learning and development. 1.1 Analyse how values, principles and statutory frameworks underpin service provision in childrens care, learning and development in UK home nation. Define values, principles and statutory frameworks. Explain the similarities and differences between them. Why are they important in your setting Where are they written down How are they communicated to staff, parents What are advantages and disadvantages From my analysis. Word count 600 750 Section B 145 Learning Outcome 1 Understand principles of professional development. Explain the importance of continually improving knowledge and practice. Analyse potential barriers to professional development. Compare the use of different sources and systems of support for professional development. Explain factors to consider when selecting opportunities and activities for keeping knowledge and practice up to date. Report on professional practice Why is cpd important What are the barriers to cpd What are the different issues and problems Why are there barriers real/perceived Why do you need to overcome potential barriers From my analysis Compare a number of systems and sources of support you have used for cpd. What factors do you take into account when selecting opportunities and activities for cpd Word count 600 750 words Section C 145 Learning Outcome 4 Be able to improve performance through reflective practice. 4.1 Compare models of reflective practice. 4.2 Explain the importance of reflective practice to improve performance. 4.3 Use reflective practice and feedback from others to improve performance. 141 Learning Outcome 4 Be able to engage others in reflective practice. 4.1 Analyse the use of models of reflective practice in own setting. 4.3 Contribute to a culture that nurtures reflective practice. Explain importance of reflective practice .in improving performance. Set out a table comparing a minimum of 3 models of reflective practice. Analyse how you currently use models of reflective practice in own setting. What are the strengths and areas for improvement of reflective practice in your setting What similarities are there to any of the models you have discussed.

Fahrenheit 451 Study Questions Essay

What is the significance of Montag seeing his reflection in Clarisse’s eyes? Montag sees himself in Clarisse’s eyes, indicating that there is a reflection of him in her. Although he does not really know what the similarities are between him and her, he is aware that there is a connection between them. What final question does Clarisse ask Montag on the night of their first encounter? Why is the question important to the plot? On the night of their first encounter Clarisse asks Montag the question â€Å"Are you happy?† Montag replies by saying yes. This question is important to the plot because it makes Montag question himself. Even though he said yes, he can feel that he is missing something in his life. Although he might not know what that is he is missing, he starts to question himself and what his life really is. He then attempts to figure out what is missing in his life and to fill the void. When Montag enters his home, he stares at the blank wall, but in memory sees Clarisse. What extended simile describes how he sees her? â€Å"She had a very thin face like the dial if a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a night when you waken up to see the time and see the clock telling you the hour the minute, the second with a white silence and a glowing, all certainty and knowing what it had to tell of the night passing swiftly on toward further darknesses, but moving also toward a new sun.† This is the simile in which the book describes how Montag sees Clarisse. The simile is comparing Clarisse to a clock, and how she is all-knowing with a mixed personality. At this point of realization, what happens to the smile on Montag’s face, and what is his answer to Clarisse’s question? Once Montag enters the bedroom the smile on Montag’s face goes away. He sees his wife lying down on the bed motionless and he starts to feel sad. At first Montag answered Clarisse’s question by saying yes but after seeing his wife lying down motionless, he begins to question his happiness. Describe Clarisse’s personality Clarisse is very curious and also very nice. She questions and wonders about many things. In the story, she is one of the few people who went outside the box and tries to do new things like playing with and smelling leaves. What does Clarisse say people talk about? Find some examples of representative conversations throughout the book. Clarisse says that no one engages in an actual conversation. She says that people only talk about televisions, cars and clothing but not a meaningful conversation. What is significance of the refrain repeated by the woman whose house was burned? What did it mean? What is its effect on Montag? The significance of the refrain repeated by the woman whose house was burned is â€Å"Play the man, Master Ridley; we shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out.† She is willing to lose her life to stand up for what she believed in, which was for the freedom to read. Montag begins to question why books were so important to her and why she sacrificed her life. Montag starts to wonder if books had important or useful information in them. What does Montag think about the old woman and all the books he has destroyed? He felt guilty and depressed when he thinks about the old woman who burned with her books. He starts to understand that books are not easy to write, and that behind every book is a man who spends their lives dedicated into putting their ideas into books. He then realizes that he destroys something that someone spends their whole lives making in a couple of minutes. Summarize Beatty’s explanation of how the need for fireman arose? Captain Beatty explains to Montag that firemen used to put out fires instead of setting them. Since all houses and buildings are fireproof there is no need for firemen anymore. He then said that intellectual and talented people made others uncomfortable and how books always caused conflict. Then they hired men to burn all these books since they caused conflict and those men were known as firemen. Part 2: The Sieve and the Sand What is the meaning of the title of Part 2? The title â€Å"The Sieve and the Sand† refers to an incident during Montag’s childhood. When Montag was young, his cousin told him that if he filled the sieve with sand he would give Montag a dime. However when Montag tries to fill the sieve with sand, the sand just falls through the holes of the sieve no matter how hard he tries. Now history repeats itself. Montag tries to memorize parts of the Bible, specifically the Book of Ecclesiastes. However when he tries to memorize the Book of Ecclesiastes on the train, the jingle from the advertisement for Denham’s Dentrifice keeps playing. Therefore Montag cannot memorize the Book of Ecclesiastes no matter how hard he tries because the dentrifice commercial keeps distracting him. Montag cannot memorize the words in the books because he is not used to reading since books are banned in the novel. In other words his mind is like a sieve and the information or words from the Bible is the sand, and no matter how hard he tries his mind can never hold the words he is trying to memorize. What is the importance of the dentrifice commercial? In the novel, the dentrifice commercial distracts Montag from focusing on memorizing the Book of Ecclesiastes. It interferes with Montag’s effort to think. This is the authors way of saying that how humans can easily be distracted by something as simple as a 4jingle for a product. Why does Montag go to see Faber? Montag needed to go see Faber because he hid many books in his house and he needs someone to explain what the books mean to him. He remembers he had once met a person named Faber at the park. When they both started talking to each other Faber told Montag that he was an English professor before books were banned. Therefore Montag tried to find a way to contact and meet Faber to help him understand more about books. What does Faber tell Montag about books? Faber tells Montag that books are important and that a person should be free to decide whether they want to read books or not. He also said that people should not be limited to obtain useful and important information that comes from books. In other words Faber tells Montag that people should have the freedom to read books. What are the three things which Faber says are missing from society? The three things which Faber says are missing from society are the quality of information, the leisure to digest it, and the right to carry out actions based on what we learn from the interaction of the quality of information and the leisure to digest it. Describe the parlor women, their views, their conversational concerns? The parlor women were only concerned on what new television they were going to buy. Montag sees this and turns off the walls or television in the middle of their show. Then he asks one of the parlor women about the war. She replied by saying that her husband is being called up to help in the war. However she isn’t worried she says that even if he dies she would not be sad and that she would just find another husband. That’s what she and her husband agreed on. He then asks another question, this time about children. Montag finds out that one of them would not have children and the other does but does not even care for them. Mildred, Montag’s wife, starts talking about politics. The parlor women tell Montag and Mildred who they voted for in the recent election. They tell them that she voted for President Noble just because he was much better looking. Why does Montag read â€Å"Dover Beach† aloud to the ladies? â€Å"Dover Beach† is a poem about the instability of life. It speaks of loss of faith and trust. The poem is also symbolic of their society. It talks about how faith used to be full but is now â€Å"retreating, to the breath of the night wind† leaving only â€Å"naked shingles of the world† and how this life has â€Å"neither joy nor love nor light† anymore. It is a great representation on what human life used to be and how it has become. How do the women react? The women started crying after Montag read â€Å"Dover Beach†. Although they do not fully understand the meaning of the poem, they sense that it was a sad and depressing poem. The women are not used to this kind of emotion and do not know how to react. Therefore they start crying and left Montag’s house. Part 3: Burning Bright What is Mildred’s main concern as she runs out of the house? Mildred mumbles as she’s running out, â€Å"Poor family, poor family, oh everything gone, everything, everything gone now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Family in this context means the television walls she was so attached to. When she said that everything is gone now, she means her TV family. The TV walls were Mildred’s main concern as she runs out of the house. What feelings does Montag have about the burning house? Montag has mixed feelings after being forced by Captain Beatty to burn his own house. In some ways he is happy. He is relieved that he burnt down all the television walls that his wife was so attached to, and he also enjoyed the feeling of burning something again. However he was sad that he burned all the books inside the house and he was not happy that his wife started to turn on him after he burned down all the walls of the house. While Montag was in flight from the scene of Beatty’s murder, what thought occurred to him about Beatty? After Montag kills Beatty, a thought occurred to Montag that Beatty might have wanted to die all along. When Montag used a flamethrower on Beatty, he showed no signs of defending himself as if he did not care if he died and might have possibly wanted to die all along. What is the explanation which Montag and Faber arrive at for how so very much could have happened within one week? After Montag kills Captain Beatty he rushes to Faber’s house. There he wonders to Faber on how he killed his old boss, burned his house, and lost his wife all within one week. Faber replies to Montag by saying that all of this was â€Å"coming for a long time†. Montag understands Faber and says that he used to think that things were wrong for a long time even though he continued with his everyday life. What are Montag’s impressions of the land across the river? Montag was in awe of the beauty of the land across the river. He loved the natural beauty of the countryside, how it seemed so much freer and more natural compared to the computerized world he lived in. When Montag complained about being unable to remember Mildred, what explanation did Granger give him? When Montag said that he was unable to remember his past wife Mildred, Granger tells him about a story of the loss of his grandfather and how when someone dies they must leave something to be remembered by. When Granger asked Montag what Mildred left him he replied with â€Å"nothingness†. What was Granger’s philosophy on life, taught to him by his grandfather, and handed on to Montag? Granger’s philosophy of life is live every second you can as though in just ten seconds you will fall to the ground and die. He also tells Montag to leave his house and enjoy what nature has to offer, and to live life to the fullest. Describe the effects of the war as Montag imagined them. Montag imagines total destruction. He imagines Faber on his bus heading out of town, but there was no use. Where ever Faber’s destination was Montag imagined that it would be meaningless. He also imagined Mildred, quietly watching her TV walls and how that the bombs would hit her. What is the promise at the end of the novel? At the end of the novel, it talks about how a new era is about to begin. The promise is about a better world in the future, a world with human rights and freedom. A world in which people can read if they choose to, and how people are allowed to think of new ideas. A world of creativity and freedom.