Comparing Spoken and Written Communication

Comparing spoken and written communication Spoken language and web based communication are different from each other: they both have different features and aspects. Spoken language takes place in person, is transitory and relies on sounds. Whereas web based communication takes place online where speakers can be many miles apart during a conversation. So the features in web based communication are not present in spoken communication. A common factor which is required for a spoken conversation is turn-taking.This is when another speaker(s) allow the active speaker to finish conveying their point without interrupting. An example in my transcript is ‘Or do you want to check? ’ which is a complete utterance then the reply is ‘We’ll both check’. After person H has finished speaking only then does person F reply, this makes sure that the person speaking has the chance to say what they want to. Turn-taking allows a long and meaningful conversation to take pla ce. If a speaker is interrupted, the other speaker will not be able to produce a sufficient response, causing the conversation to eventually end.Many spoken conversation conversations contain spontaneity; face to face conversations have to be quick and spontaneous. Speakers need to think of what they are going to say almost immediately. Rapid responses can avoid awkward and unwanted pauses. Sometimes the time given for a response is often too short, so to give the speaker some time to think about what to say next, fillers are used. An example is ‘Erm, I don’t know’. Fillers are commonly used at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle when the speaker is unsure of what to say (next).Without fillers the previous speaker may think they are still required to speak. We based communication can be considered as a mixture of written and spoken language as it has the spontaneous feature of spoken language but written as it gives the reader some margin in the time for their response. Some features such as fillers and non-fluency pauses are not displayed in web based language. Also as it is not done face to face, responders use other means of showing emotion, emphasis and in some circumstances, context.This leads to my first difference between web based and spoken language. As web based communication is made mostly of numbers, words and symbols. The actual meaning in spoken language is normally shown by the speakers tone, facial expression and gestures – which can be distorted, making it hard to display the literal meaning of text (pragmatics). So to get around this situation, online communications often use numbers, symbols and emoticons as representations of facial expressions.For example person F says ‘Yh, it woz sooo easy :)’ the emoticon was made using a colon and a closing bracket, indicating the casual and acknowledging manner as it would have been spoken as it a face to face conversation between person F and H. Feature s like these are not present in spoken language because they are already indicated by paralinguistic features. For example hand/body gestures and facial language of the speaker(s) which allow the pragmatic meaning and context to be understood properly.Another difference between spoken and web based communication is the way particular words and phrases are accentuated with the purpose to change the anticipated meaning. In spoken language this is done through the elongation of words such as ‘Hiiii’, or through altering the intonation of the voice, these are examples of prosodic features. Elongation is when a word is extended to place emphasis on the word(s) and to highlight its significance in the conversation However, while elongation of words in web based communication can simply be depicted as the repletion of vowels or consonants.Words in web based communication are not heard but read; consequently the physical varying of dynamics cannot be expressed. I have explored the differences between web based and spoken language but similarities are also shared between the two. Whilst speaking, specifically during long conversations, speakers often wish to speak as quickly and efficiently as possible to avoid zoning out and causing ear aches to yourself or the person you are talking to.Therefore to avoid any of the above from happening elision and ellipsis are used, elision is the omission of a vowel or syllable to make a word shorter by omitting a vowel or syllable (e. g. didn’t, won’t, can’t, etc. ) or by combining two words together for example: gonna which is going and to, wanna which is want and to. Elision is when whole words are removed from context but the utterance can still be understood for example ‘Same, just sitting down. ’ is a shortened version of ‘I’m doing the same thing, just sitting down’.This is also visible in web based communication; ellipsis and elision are used to convey a mess age quicker. However, unlike in spoken communication, this is done because many people are not able to type letters quickly or some websites such as twitter impose a character limit so acronyms and abbreviations are used to reduce the number of letters, spaces, symbols and numbers in the message. An example of an acronym is ‘†¦g2g†¦ ’ this stands for ‘got to go’ so it is a more rapid way of getting a message across using 2 letters and a number, especially when a person online has to go.Word shortening, using ellipsis and elision is more apparent online than in spoken language. The word length is determined by how many syllables a word has, not letters. For that reason numerous acronyms are used online as opposed to a spoken conversation, as acronyms do not provide any benefit in spoken communication. In today’s society and culture spoken communication is valued more than web based communication; this is why a good speech holds more signific ance and inspiration than an article online, spoken communication is genuine, authentic and unique.This could be due to the fact that the speakers tone, facial expression, gestures and emotion is expressed, whereas in web based communication we stare an emotionless, cold and bare wall of text. It may also be attributable to the point that the full capability of the internet has not yet been demoralised. Many people see web speak as one of the factors that vitiates the English language and contributes to poor spelling and bad grammar. Conversely others see it as a quick, efficient and practical way of communicating with one another when the means to do so are limited in terms of length and speech.

Beka lamb by Zee Edgell Essay

The book deals with social insecurity, racial prejudice and the rule of the consecutive church in a small town. Beka’s best friend Toycie Qualo is older than she is, being 17 at the time when Beka was 14, and in her last year of school gets herself expelled when she gets into a situation where she becomes pregnant by her boyfriend Emilio Villanueva, and dies after a miscarriage and a short space of time in the local asylum nicknamed â€Å"Sea Breeze Hotel†. Through flashbacks, points on politics and independence are strongly brought out, since the political struggles for independence in Belize at that time also mirrors Beka’s own need for self-rule and her developing maturity. Beka’s father (Bill Lamb) cuts down Beka’s favorite tree (a bougainvillea) as a sign that the wild ways Beka had picked up must stop at once when she finally tells him that she has failed her exam. Her mother (Lilla Lamb) buys her a special book and pen in which she is told to write any lies or stories that she is tempted to tell, in an effort to curb her tale-telling habit. By the end of the book, Beka has transformed from â€Å"a flat-rate Belize creole† to a girl with â€Å"high mind†, since her troubles have forced her to learn the value of money, education, unity within the community and most of all, some manners and respect Beka Lamb is the debut novel of Belizean author Zee Edgell. It is the story of both Beka and Belize, an adolescent girl and an adolescent country. Set in Belize in the 1950s, fourteen-year-old Beka struggles with growing pains complicated by the society in which she lives while her country struggles to move from colonialism to independence. The novel opens with three seminal events. The young Creole teen, Beka, has just won an essay contest at St. Cecilia’s Catholic school, Beka’s lifelong friend Toycie has died (but the traditional nine-day wake has not been held for her), and two members of the Belizean Peoples’ Independent Party, Pritchard and Gladsen, are imprisoned for disloyalty to the British government. These events symbolize the often painful challenge of coping with growth and change. Narrated by flashbacks, the novel covers a period of seven months. While preparing for bed one night, Beka vows to â€Å"keep a wake† for her deceased friend Toycie â€Å"in the privacy of her own heart.† As she reminisces about the past months â€Å"waking the gone,† her story unfolds. Beka recalls that her life started to change the day she decided to stop lying. Her last lie was a big one. Failing three subjects, Beka had not been promoted to the next grade. Beka’s parents are struggling to pay for her private education. Fearing their reaction to her failure, Beka tells them that she passed, naively believing that they do not already suspect the truth. Beka’s lying habit is the most serious of the many conflicts she has with her parents. She does not clean the attic properly, she throws garbage into the yard, she steals money from her father’s pants pockets and she procrastinates with her chores. Beka’s mother, Lilla Lamb, often complains about Beka’s â€Å"laziness and ingratitude† to her husband, Bill Lamb, who then must discipline Beka. Beka seeks solace from her friend Toycie and her paternal grandmother, Granny Ivy, who shares a bedroom with Beka and usually takes her side. In spite of these parent-teen conflicts, Beka does have a loving relationship with her parents. Her family is one of only two nuclear families in the community, and while her parents do not love all that Beka does, they do love her. Beka begs her father for a second chance at school, promising to pass this time, and Bill Lamb eventually relents. A nun at Beka’s school, Sister Gabriela, takes Beka under†¦

A View from the Bridge Essay Example for Free (#32)

A View from the Bridge Essay ? Marco is married and has got two children whilst Rodolfo is still single. When, both Catherine and Rodolfo see each other, it is almost like love at first site. Catherine uses flirtatious procedures to convey to the audience that she feels somewhat of him. When she starts using these actions, â€Å"High heels† Eddie does not like this and so sends her back to the room to get changed, â€Å"Do me a favour, will you? Go ahead. † This makes Catherine undergo embarrassment as Rodolfo was at the scene. I would want the audience to observe that both Catherine and Rodolfo have got feelings for each other and that Eddie is in the surroundings being jealous. Due to the relationship between Eddie and Catherine, Beatrice’s relationship is suffering as he is paying attention more towards Catherine then Beatrice. Another crucial scene/turning point in this play is when both, Rodolfo and Catherine are left unaccompanied in the apartment. Whilst in the room, Catherine questions Rodolfo about his motives, in which he is traumatized and was wondering if Eddie thought that too. This is because Eddie warns Catherine that he is after an American citizenship. She asks him, â€Å"Would you still want to do it if it turned out we had to go live in Italy† His reaction was, â€Å"No; I will not marry you in Italy. I want to be a citizen†. At this instant I would want the audience to become conscious that Rodolfo wants to marry Catherine just to be an American Citizen and that they could change their minds later on. Catherine replies to this and says that she does not want to leave Eddie after what he has done for her (Eddie has treated her as a daughter and paid for her to go to extra classes of her interest after leaving high school. ) She makes it sound that Eddie was an ex-lover or ex-husband of her, â€Å"You thinks it’s so easy to turn around and say to a man he’s noting’ to you no more? † As a director I would want the audience to realize that Catherine is aware that she needs to grow up as she gets advice from Beatrice saying, â€Å"Beatrice says to be a woman†. At this point Catherine gets aggravated as she makes it sound as if she has to choose between Rodolfo and Eddie, â€Å"I know him and now I’m supposed to turn around and make a stranger out of him. † She takes in mind what Beatrice suggested to her about being a woman which leads to her having sex with Rodolfo. This is a turning point to the audience and to Catherine. At this turning point I would want the audience to reconsider their views on Rodolfo about wanting to be an American citizen. No one would sleep with a woman and not have feelings for her. The light rises on Eddie. He enters the flat drunk and see’s a glimpse of Catherine adjusting her dress and coming from the bedroom. At this particular moment, Eddie senses what the two have been up to. â€Å"Rodolfo appears in the bedroom doorway. Eddie see’s him and his arm jerks slightly in shock. † He does this action as he wants to hit Rodolfo as he knows what they have been up to and that he is jealous and cannot bear it. He can not handle that Catherine is taking responsible of her own life. When a pause appears, as a director I would want to create tension in the audience as the characters are all hiked up. Shortly after the build up of tension, Eddie switches his actions and tells Rodolfo to â€Å"Pack it up† and â€Å"Get out of here†. Eddie gets dominant over Catherine by grabbing her and stopping her from following Rodolfo to her bedroom. â€Å"She frees her arm,† which indicates her rebelling against him and her wanting his approval. Eddie, at his point is jealous following what Rodolfo and Catherine have been up to and knows that he cannot have her. Soon after there is a sudden breakthrough of Eddies feelings as he, â€Å"reaches out suddenly, draws her to him and as she strives to free himself he kisses her on the mouth. † He kisses her to provoke Rodolfo and to see how she and he react. This all leads to violence in which, â€Å"Rodolfo flies at him in attack†. At this point Eddie kisses Rodolfo to show Catherine he is gay and to show her that Rodolfo did not prevent this from happening. The last crucial scene in this play is the last scene where Eddie gets killed. This consequence was created when Eddie did a very unintelligent thing of phoning the immigration bureau to report the two illegal immigrants, Rodolfo and Marco. He then regrets phoning the bureau up and tells them to move as they moved with more illegal immigrants which had a very violent family. This way Rodolfo and Marco would not get caught and would remain safe whereas the other illegal immigrants wouldn’t. Soon after they decided, they did not have enough time to move, as the officers came to pick Rodolfo and Marco up. Eddie had begged Beatrice to tell them to move and soon after, she had realized what Eddie had done. She turned against Eddie and used harsh language against him, â€Å"He’s a rat. † At this time I would want my audience to turn against Eddie. This then lead to more violence of Eddie getting killed by Marco as he has suffered from his family being without food and money. I would want my audience to feel more sympathy for Marco rather than Rodolfo. The culture of this play is all in relation to a child who grassed his uncle to the immigration bureau seeing that he was an illegal immigrant. The kid was completely beaten up by his family and no-one wanted to know him after what he did. In an Italian family, the families need to be loyal to each other and if something goes wrong outside the family, the Sicilian community requires the law to be taken in hand and that justice should be done. I would want the audience to relate back to this during the last scene and keep this in mind as this is a sort of thing that Eddie had done but the consequences were much worse. If I was directing A View from the Bridge I would want my audience to see that there is a mixed relationship portrayed in this play. This is because of the actions, dialogue and motives used between the two characters. Throughout the play, I would want the audience to change their views on what they thought of the character of Eddie as he did some good quality things however he also did horrific things. The relationship between Eddie and Catherine would have never been further than an uncle and niece. Two relationships between, Eddie and Beatrice and Catherine and Rodolfo both got disturbed due to the actions undertaken by Eddie which affected the characters. I would want my audience to keep on re-evaluating their views on the relationship between Eddie and Catherine as this would make the play more interesting. Coming to the end of the play, the audience would have found out that Eddie did have feelings for Beatrice as his last words were ‘My lovely B’. BY JULAN SHAH Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section. A View from the Bridge. (2017, Oct 25).

Socialism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socialism - Assignment Example Du Bois’s socialism is fully reflected in his first novel entitled, â€Å"Quest of the Silver Fleece† written on 1911. The novel serves as an antidote for socioeconomic ills experienced in the society. Du Bois explained that his writings aimed to portray the right of black individuals to enjoy and love (as cited in Weinen & Kraft, 2007). Weinen and Kraft (2007) stress the applicability of Du Bois socialism to the period after Soviet Unions collapse and Chinas transformation from socialism to a state capitalism. Du Bois (as cited in Weinan & Kraft, 2007) asserted the need for solidarity and social service for the continuing class divide between Du Bois’s talented tenth descendants and majority of African American in the twenty first century. In addition, Du Bois stressed the need for leaders to critically analyzed social democratic legacy before proposing the global free trade as a means for economic and social developments of different nations worldwide. Lastly, Du Bois (as cited in Weinan & Kraft, 2007) reiterated that global social democracy serves as a means towards attaining

Does US Seek Hegemony over Asia Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does US Seek Hegemony over Asia - Article Example It is evident from the official statement that the US continues to play a great role to ensure a stable balance in Asia. America’s political, economic and diplomatic leadership enhances global freedom, peace, and prosperity. The US has acknowledged the fact that maintaining order in Asia will be a complex task given the great distances (Glaser, 2011). Â  United States concerns about Asian stability are guaranteed. In using the history of the 20th-century guide, Washington will continue dealing with Asian-Pacific. The US has an issue dealing with China as it has become a rising power. However, United States is seeking to face China has a rising economic and military power in Asia-Pacific. The United States president has promised to make their missions and presence in Asia-Pacific the topmost priority. After the president announcement, approximately 500 US troops were said to be deployed to Australia. The US is foreseeing a growing threat of its hegemony from China. America’s tactical moves to Asia are aimed at pinning down China as well as counterbalancing its development (Glaser, 2011). The US economic and hegemony in Asia-Pacific has triggered concerns about national security. The United States has established a key military base in Japan, South Korea, Philippines, Thailand, Guam, Singapore and now Australia. The former D efense Secretary of United States spoke at the International Institute of Strategic Studies conference and said that US is aiming at maintaining a robust US military in Asia. The US is taking measures that help them overcome the area denial scenarios and anti-access that the US faces in Asia, which restricts America’s from accessing strategic resources and markets. The United States believes that its hegemony in Asia will deter and defeat the potential rivals. Â  

Team Working and Team Leadership are just 'idealised' managerial and Essay

Team Working and Team Leadership are just 'idealised' managerial and orthodox OB textbooks aspirations - Essay Example 16). According to Mullins in Original Emphasis, leadership is defined as ‘a relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people.’ Mainly, there are two schools for the leadership, while one states that â€Å"good leaders are made not born† and the other states that â€Å"good leaders are born not made.† The two schools have their own supporting cases to claim that they are right. But in any situation the most important element of leadership is communication. Proper communication through any mode between leader and followers will make the process easy. The leadership is a quality achieved by desire and willpower. Endless process of self-study, education, training and experience is necessary for effective leadership. Here is one best example from an academic review about effective leadership. It states that â€Å"leader should primarily work through and with other people. In addition, effective leader should also help in establishing the conditions that enable their subordinates to be motivated and effective part of the organisation and the society. Aside from this, it can also be said that an effective leader should also credible. Credibility should always be considered as the foundation of  leadership. A leader should be credible for him to lead. Furthermore, to become a good leader, one must be honest, competent, aspiring and have the quality of having forward-looking approach.  In line with the political and business view, effective leadership proves to be quite beneficial. Effective leaders aids in efficiently meeting job-related demands. In addition, it also helps in creating higher-performing teams, as well as fostering renewed loyalty and commitment among the subordinates. However, this so-called effective leadership is not that easy to achieve. Effective leaders entail a lot of hard work, dedication, and other factors to mould an individual to become an efficient leader and to become a greater part of the success of the organisation† (Leadership Case Problem – Latham’s Leadership Lessons Leadership & Management 2011). Some leaders are getting best results from their team members or from the followers while some of them getting poor efforts. This is happening not only because of the poor employee skills, different kinds of leadership techniques and styles also have a part in it. These are the all things that we can understand from the orthodox text book aspiration of the Organizational Behavior Studies. But in reality, the management is always ends up with dissatisfied work groups and frustrated team leaders. Problems in Team Working: The main reason behind this is individual dysfunctional conflicts which decrease the creativity as well as productivity of the company. Working under poor leadership can be too frustrating and intimidating. If the team members are not confident about their leader what they should do? Certainly they will not be mot ivated or inspired by the leader’s activity. The important dysfunctional activities found in corporate are defensiveness, reluctance, romantic idealism, loss of confidence and disrespect. Some other problems in Team work are, Self Centeredness: Self centeredness is nothing but selfishness. These people always think about themselves only and that damages the interest of team. The solution for this problem is selflessness. The solution is not

Managing Workplace Diversity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Managing Workplace Diversity - Assignment Example 2. If the organization has a community fundraiser, we would definitely elect a person from that very particular community to lead the initiative. This decision should be made because it is a person from that community who has a deeper understanding of his people and communal needs. Besides, the involvement of a person from the community would appeal to the local community members to accept and support the initiative as their own project. 3. Once I realize that an employee is not descent, I would have to call him, privately, in my office and interrogate him. After letting him know that the organization tolerates diverse cultures, I would tell him that the company has a set of personal etiquette such as descent dressing codes that everyone should abide by. This will be done in a polite manner. 2) This story has taught me that the Native Americans were charitable people. As stated in the story, they valued thanksgiving because it was allowed by their religion. Although they had considered the Puritans as their enemies, they did not mind putting aside their differences while celebrating thanksgiving. They must have been a friendly

EHealth Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EHealth - Coursework Example Several ehealth projects have been initiated to aid patients suffering from the disease. As such, these projects have had a significant impact on people suffering from dementia and their relatives or caregivers (Ball & Lillis, 2001). In 2010, it was estimated that 35.6 million people were suffering from dementia globally. In fact, this number represents approximately 0.5% of the world’s population. Studies estimate the number to rise up to 115.4 million people by 2050. Furthermore, people have a 20% chance of suffering from dementia during their lifetime. In regard to gender, women are at a higher risk of suffering from the disease during their lifetime. Dementia is associated with old age. The older a person becomes, the higher the chances of suffering from the disease. 40 % of people aged above 90 years are suffering from the disease (Ferri et al, 2006). Individual suffering from the disease tend to forget thing easily when compared to normal old individuals or people. Unlike normal people who are able to perform their daily activities easily, people suffering from dementia experience a lot of difficulties while carrying out their daily chores and activities. Dementia is a costly disease to maintain. Th e total estimated global cost of the disease amounted to 604 billion dollars. This is a significant sum of resources/ funds. Due to the continued increase in dementia cases, the cost is expected to massively increase by 85%. In today’s world, information and communication technology has become an integral part in nearly all sectors of society. As such, mobile applications, the internet and other technologies have infiltrated all sectors including health care (Krishna, Boren & Balas, 2009). Basically, e health is defined as the utilization of ICT to improve and deliver health care services in the society (Maheu, Whitten & Allen, 2002).

Managerial Escalator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial Escalator - Essay Example In order for them to be successful, they need to position the priorities of the business before their private priorities. If the managers put the interest of the business after their interests, they may end up not becoming successful in their management; this is because their personal interest may not be in line with the interests of the organization. The different causes of poor management have also been identified. There are a number of factors that may lead to a manager not being successful such as having managerial concept that are not good enough. Managers need to have well researched strategies in order for them to be successful. The models used by the authors in explaining this points is through breaking down the broad topic of management into less detailed sub topics. They explore these subtopics into details in order to explain management in detail. The authors have different point of views about management. They begin by defining management as the art of making things get done through the use of other people or a way of achieving some results through other people. Some people view management as a cycle involving identification of different objectives, setting of targets, making plans, resource organization, good communication regarding information, motivation of workers, getting feedback, control and taking actions. Some researches were done by separate people who do not agree with this. This is because it was noted that managers make decisions abruptly according to the situation at hand. They mostly do not take time to strategize their decisions (David, 2001). Individuals turn into managers through a given process. The organizational structure is defined in a way that the majority of the staffs are often engaged in given activities and the managers usually oversee some specialized activities. Most of the managers have some giv en specialized backgrounds. During the early stages of their careers, they were at some lower levels in different departments. They may have learned some skills through training, experience or through the combination of both. Most of the managers in top positions have passed through these stages. They begin as normal workers and improve on their skills. As they improve and gain more experience, they are promoted through the different ranks until they get to the managerial position. There are a number of responsibilities accounted to managers. They play the role of planning and allocating of work. Managers plan what is to be done in an organization. They give different employees specific works to be done or allocate them into different areas of work according to the plan. They identify what is of priority to the organization so that they may be given attention first. They review and establish different working methods and ensure that they control all the activities in an

This assignment allows you to determine the specific details about the Essay

This assignment allows you to determine the specific details about the fictitous company in order to conduct an environmental scan of this company - Essay Example The two owners take care of the managerial aspects of the business, including financial forecasting; accounting and dealing with suppliers and buyers (there are no other salaried employees). Right now the business is facing great competition from rival manufacturers. As the operation is relatively small, producing only 6,000 units of output per month, they cannot enjoy economies of scale that are available to larger manufacturers, these manufacturers also have more clout over their suppliers (or have integrated backward operations) allowing for a lower cost of raw material which translates into lower prices for their customers. Similarly, challenging is the inflow of imported manufacturing parts from economies like China, Japan and Germany which can compete at prices lower than local prices. Government policies enhancing free trade and lowering of trade quotas means that without legislative protection, they have to introduce more efficient and effective ways of processing if the business is to remain afloat. The relative competitiveness in the market along with threat of new (more powerful) entrants will decide whether the business can continue to run or will have to be shut down. With the recession of 2008, the economy took a severe downturn and because of financial security concerns, the banks were reluctant to hand out loans to small businesses. The two partners started their business on self finance and in order to introduce new technology or managerial staff to run their business they will need more resources than they have on hand. Their focus for the past few months has been to form strong relationships with their current customers, including car dealerships, repair shops and the used car market, through strategic marketing and PR platforms. But at the moment they cannot gain customers in the car manufacturing sector as they don’t have the capacity to bring in large orders of

Mistake and Creativity Essay Example for Free

Mistake and Creativity Essay Assignment: What is your opinion on the relationship between mistakes and creativity? Since the natural propensity of human makes a trend to possess a notion of newness and deviation, intelligence beings patiently seek to response those demands with the result of new creativity. Simultaneously, mistakes of any forms apparently are inherent to creativity either during or after process of creation. Such relationship between creativity and mistakes has generally illustrated in the biography of prominent and famous scientists, Robert J.  Oppenheimer and Thomas Edison. To satisfy and improve the prosperity of life on the Earth, the scientist, Oppenheimer, has a prosperous goal to advance the technological frontiers of man in nuclear physic, and has desire to succeed in controlling nuclear reaction. Ultimately, his creativity according to his goal and desire is atomic bomb. Oppenheimer’s creativity, in contrast, deeply connects him to a serious mistake in his life. His new innovation was seriously responsible for the immense destruction of the death of ten thousands people in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Therefore, this destruction can be identified conspicuously that creativity is able to provide mistake in return. While creativity is a necessary thing for mankind, mistake can be seen as a material to pursue that creativity. Taking another famous scientist into consideration, Thomas Edison is isolated himself from the other in order to discover a furtive innovation on electricity. He finally invented electric bulb after trying 1000 times. However, his 999 failures are 999 mistakes that drive him to achieve his ultimate succession. Then, mistakes in this context are root and driver to definitely create innovation. In conclusion, the relationship between mistakes and creativity is a form of complement that affects or dominates each other. Hence, this relationship is a theory, which can also be applied to daily life of each people in the creation’s process.

Video Game Addiction Essay Example for Free

Video Game Addiction Essay In recent years there has been a great increase of children spending too much time playing video games rather than spending time reading books or school related curricular activities. As a result, because children are being introduced to video games at such a young age, they are becoming addicted, resulting in poor academic performance and also affecting their social skills. Video game addiction has been categorized ad an â€Å"addiction† since it’s similar to other addictive behaviors, demonstrating that it can last for years and not solely a symptom of comorbid disorders. Electronic gaming has exploded in popularity and for some children has become their primary recreational activity (Olsen, et al. , 2007). As new technology and new video consoles are released, both children and adults are attracted and end up buying these new consoles. Tech savvy adults like to have the latest technology which leads to the purchase of the products and their children are exposed which leads to an addiction. Studies have shown that, (Weinstein 2010) in different countries have used different scales to assess prevalence of computer game addiction. There have been a whole host of case studies in the medical literature reporting some of the adverse effects of playing video games (21, 22). These have included auditory hallucinations (23), enuresis (24), encoprisis (25), wrist pain (26), neck pain (27), elbow pain (27), tenosynovitis- also called â€Å"nintendinitis† (28–31), hand-arm vibration syn- drome (32), repetitive strain injuries (33), and peripheral neuropathy (34) (Weinstein 2010)Video game addiction has been categorized as (Douglas, et al. , 2011) pathological video game use, commonly called video game â€Å"addiction†. It is considered â€Å"pathological† because of its similarities to â€Å"gambling† addiction, since it’s begins as entertainment, but then progresses to an addiction. Players lose sense of time and control and find playing fun and rewarding, but then becomes dysfunctional because it affects the child’s social growth and their school curricular activities as well as outdoor interest. Users may play compulsively, isolating themselves from other forms of social contact, and focus almost entirely on in-game achievements rather than broader life events (Weinstein 2010). Parents and families are also affected because they find themselves dealing with the child’s addiction that it makes it difficult to monitor the children 24/7. However there are major concerns among parents and Doctors that spending too much time playing video games may eventually put a stress on the child’s social engagement other peers and rather prefer isolation to continue playing these videos games. Others suggest that consumer should be informed about the potential addiction risks that can be attributed to playing video games (Van Rooij, et al. , 2009). Warning messages about [overuse of video games] risks have never appeared before [ such as those found] on leisure products such as bicycles, swings, soccer balls, and guitars, making these specific warning messages very atypical and unusual (Van Rooij, et al. , 2009). However now there are Centers that can be found in different countries including the US that specialized in these types of addiction to assist the children and their families overcome this pathological addiction. According to findings that after children were treated at this Centers and after treatment the gaming hours did reduce a fair amount, with significant progress.

Urbanisation of City Centres | Essay

Urbanisation of City Centres | Essay Introduction The past few decades have witnessed a myriad of development and rapid change throughout the city centres of the developed nations. Promethean gentrification schemes, improvements in infrastructure, and an amelioration of the service sector have all assisted in encouraging many citizens to buy or rent property within the very heart of the city. As Pacione (2005, pg. 84) has highlighted, ‘there is now a growing body of case-study evidence that indicates a recovery of large cities from the high levels of population loss experienced in the 1970s era of counter urbanisation.’ Pacione (2005, pg.84) has also revealed that ‘the rate of population loss for all 280 of Britain’s urban areas fell from 4.2% in 1971-81 to 0.1% for 1981-1991.’ Thus, it would appear that there has been much success in encouraging households to dwell within the vibrant ‘zone of transition.’ However, academics are keen to discern whether or not the often adventurous strategies deployed by urban authorities and private investors alike will truly serve to stem the tide of citizens who seek to relocate to the rural hinterland. The coming of ‘re-urbanisation’ From the mid eighteenth century onwards ‘that complex series of innovations commonly referred to as the industrial revolution’ hastened the process of urbanisation throughout Europe and gave birth to the ‘industrial city’ (Pacione, 2005, pg. 50). Social commentators such as Marx and Engels noted how the city exhibited an ‘unequal division of power’ (Pacione, 2005, pg. 51) between the capitalists (who owned property) and the working classes. Indeed, Engels’ study of Manchester during the mid 19th century highlighted the phenomenon of ‘class-repulsion.’ The Chicago school of the 1920s promulgated the theory of ‘the city as organism.’ Burgess’s ‘concentric ring’ model of the industrial city highlighted how the form of an urban area commonly extended from a central business district (which was normally surrounded by a zone of poor quality housing and social exclusion) to areas of increasing affluence in the outer city and hinterland. The majority of the great industrial urban centres throughout Europe did indeed exhibit this pattern. However, since 1945 there has been a period of ‘post industrial urbanisation’ and a consequent ‘restructuring of urban form’ (Pacione, 2005, pg. 65). One could now say that many cities within the developed world have now moved into a fourth transitional stage known as ‘re-urbanisation.’ This phenomenon is when ’the rate of population loss of the core tapers off, or the core starts regaining population’ (Pacione, 2005, pg. 83). Such a trend is encouraging for municipal authorities and private investors who for many years have been forced to endure a process of depopulation or ‘counter urbanisation’ within the inner city. This was due to a period of industrial decline from the 1950s onwards. The large slum clearance and resettlement projects conducted within cities such as Glasgow and Liverpool also significantly reduced the urban population. As Holliday (1973, pg. 4) has succinctly stated, ‘change in cities is the result both of social, economic and technological forces at work in society and of particular local forces and physical factors within the city.’ Factors which have altered the structure of urban settlements and attracted residents back towards the city centre are indeed varied. There have been demographic alterations throughout the West since the post war ‘baby-boom.’ ‘Over a quarter of households contain only one person’ and ‘more women are starting a family late in life’ (Pacione, 2005, pg. 106). Thus, the requirement of a suburban family dwelling is not as essential for as many citizens now and the prospect of an inner city apartment may seem more attractive. As Knox and Pinch (2006, pg. 33) have also observed, the ‘growth of the service economy has had important consequences for the social geography of cities.’ Indeed, western cities are no l onger industrial zones over-shadowed by Blake’s ‘dark satanic mills’ and many white collar workers within the financial sector often dwell comfortably within the urban core. However, many would argue that the most potent force which has initiated the process of ‘re-urbanisation’ has been the stance adopted by governmental authorities in order to revitalise the city. Such a determination to improve the vitality and viability of the CBD often manifests itself in the guise of ambitious public/private ventures focusing on regenerating an entire area of the inner city. This was certainly the case at the London Docklands which has been entirely transformed over the past three decades. The Regeneration of the London Docklands The redevelopment of the London Docklands has been much publicised and is an example of a public/private venture which sought to revamp the ‘brown area of mostly abandoned nineteenth century docks and warehouses’ (Rykwert, 2000, pg.226) close to the centre of London. The London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) was set up in 1981 in order to manage the project. As Rykwert (2000, pg. 226) has noted, ‘Docklands offered a prime site for development, but only if there was huge investment.’ The LDDC coordinated the regeneration and transformation of this once dilapidated zone. In 1987 the government also agreed to ‘fund an elaborate infrastructure’ of ‘roadways, rail links, and mains services on a large scale’ (Rykwert, 2000, pg. 226). Docklands was also designated as an ‘Enterprise Zone’ which was exempt from the rigorous planning restrictions which existed elsewhere within the city centre. According to the LDDC ‘Strategy for Regeneration’ report of 1997, the population of the locale had ‘increased from 39,400 to more than 80,000’ and the number of jobs had ‘risen from 27,200 to 72,000’ (LDDC, 1997) since 1981. The Corporation also stated that ‘the substantial numbers of new houses built has relieved pressure for residential development in Londons Green Belt’ (LDDC, 1997). A policy of offering generous tax incentives to private investors, coupled with public investment in local services would appear to have paid off. The LDDC also insisted that the newly revitalised residential districts of the zone are entirely ‘sustainable.’ However, there are some who would argue that the regeneration of the Docklands and the creation of new employment opportunities at Canary Wharf has largely benefited the influx of white collar workers, to the detriment of the socially excluded indigenous population. Gentrification of the area has also displaced many of the original inhabitants. Rykwert (2000, pg. 227) notes the stark contrast between the ‘expensively finished high-rise office buildings’ which ‘dwarf the more or less gated new housing to make an even sharper contrast with a blighted hinterland.’ Indeed, Rykwert also draws attention to the nearby borough of Tower Hamlets, which still suffers from one of the highest unemployment rates in the UK. Such a redeveloped area seems to be attractive to younger professional people who can enjoy the services and cultural aspects of the city centre close at hand. However, the ultra-secure environment of intercoms, security cameras and high walls, which en velopes the modern residential buildings, insulating the affluent from the potentially unsavoury world around them, is less appealing to families with young children. As Pacione (2005, pg. 65) has emphasised, young families will naturally gravitate towards the ‘stability, security’ and ‘comfortable world of consumption’ offered by suburban life. Marketing the City Centre Promoting a ‘positive image’ of the city is of paramount importance to contemporary municipal authorities. Indeed, as Knox and Pinch (2006, pg. 51) have noted, recent years have witnessed numerous ‘attempts by public agencies to re-brand cities and make them attractive to investors.’ The ‘Glasgow’s Miles Better’ campaign of the 1980s and 1990s, which was launched by Glasgow City Council, sought to shake off the ‘hard’ image the city had acquired as a centre of social depravation and criminal activity. The ‘Garden Festival’ of 1988 and Glasgow obtaining the accolade of ‘European City of Culture’ in 1990 further improved the reputation of the city and its environs. Glasgow is now considered to be a vibrant centre which offers a wide array of services and boasts a much improved infrastructure. Gentrification projects along the River Clyde coupled with the rejuvenation of the ‘Merchant City’ in the heart of the town have attracted white collar workers back towards the hub. The local council and private investors are now keen to promote the city’s heritage as well as preserving listed buildings, areas of environmental importance and historical monuments. Such a policy adds emphasis to Holli day’s (1973, pg. 21) statement that ‘the image of a city centre is a reflection of the values of city councillors and officers’ and that it is imperative to ‘present a centre of obvious commercial prosperity, traditional values, cultural activities and an appearance reflecting pride in the city.’ Such a determination to promote a positive image of urban space also compounds Eaton’s (2001, pg. 10) notion that ‘something as complex as the city can be promoted in the mind’s eye.’ The very perception one has of a city or space is of the utmost importance and has been of great interest to academics such as Michel Foucault and David Sibley in recent years. The LDDC also highlighted how the social connotations surrounding the name ‘Docklands’ have changed dramatically over the past few years due to positive marketing and a subsequent re-imaging of this once run-down area. The same phenomenon can readily be applied to the city of Glasgow, as well as other sites of urban regeneration. However, modern-day architects who design dwellings for inner city urbanites understand the complexity of their task. Graham Haworth (who was involved in the renovation and design of residential buildings in Coin Street in central London) has acknowledged how ‘city-centre housing still proves to be something of a paradox’ and that buildings must ‘fit in comfortably to a metropolitan context’ whilst providing a ‘setting for small scale domestic activity’ (Haworth, 2003, pg. 150). Indeed, public tastes often alter considerably through time and space, and this phenomenon also represents a major challenge to all agencies involved in restoring and maintaining the vibrancy and vitality of the ‘zone of transition’. Conclusion Urban authorities now deploy a range of strategies to enhance their city centres. Allen, Massey and Pryke (1999, pg. 100) have also observed that ‘new flows of international tourists and business people are restructuring old urban spaces.’ As Knox and Pinch (2006, pg. 33) have highlighted, the post war world has witnessed the ‘emergence of global cities’ which must compete for inward investment. The city centre offers a range of options for developers. The process of gentrification is seen by many to be a positive element in regenerating brown belt sites and a ‘back-to-the-city move by capital’ (Knox, Pinch, 2006, pg. 145). However, some would contest this ‘revanchist’ notion. Pacione (2005, pg. 212) has noted that gentrification ‘commonly involves residential relocation by people already living in the city’ and is not a ‘back-to-the-city move by suburbanites.’ The notion championed by the LDDC, and other agencies, that inner city redevelopment will place less strain on the rural hinterland and reduce the flow of households to the periphery is also questionable. It should be borne in mind that inner city regeneration tends to attract younger professional people in the 20-39 age group. Statistics released by the Development and Regeneration Services of Glasgow (2007, pg. 14) this year concluded that over 35% of the inner city population was within this age group. Numbers of citizens falling into the other age categories were below the national average. Indeed, one could say that the vibrancy of the urban core is more appealing to young professionals as opposed to households with children. Tonkiss (2005, pg. 80) has also emphasised that gentrification ‘remains something of a minority taste.’ As Holliday has highlighted, a variety of factors, from demographics to technological shifts, affect the development of the city. Municipal strategies tend to respond to these forces, and act accordingly. Despite the recent success of urban regeneration schemes, and a marked reduction in the depopulation of city centres throughout the UK, it seems likely that many households will continue to seek the safety and security of the rural periphery. During the period from 1981 to 1991 suburban zones in the UK continued to expand at a rate of ‘less than 6%’ (Pacione, 2005, pg. 84). Many retired people are also tending to move away from urban areas and relocate within the ‘sunbelt’ zone of the Mediterranean region. Bibliography ALLEN, J. MASSEY, D. PYKE, M. Unsettling Cities, Routledge, 1999 DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION SERVICES OF GLASGOW, Glasgow Factsheets, DRS, 2007 EATON, R. Ideal Cities: Utopianism and the (Un)built Environment, Thames and Hudson, 2001 HOLLDAY, J. City Centre Redevelopment: A Study of British City Centre Planning and Case Studies of Five English Cities, Charles Knight, 1973 KNOX, P. PINCH, S. Urban Social Geography, Pearson, Prentice Hall, 2006 LONDON DOCKLANDS DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Strategy for Regeneration Report, LDDC, 1997 PACIONE, M. Urban Geography: A Global Perspective, Routledge, 2nd Edition, 2005 RYKWERT, J. The Seduction of Place: The City in the Twenty-First Century, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 2000 THOMAS, R. Sustainable Urban Design: An Environmental Approach, Spon Press, 2003 TONKISS, F. Space, The City and Social Theory: Social Relations and Urban Forms, Polity Press, 2005 RIDDELL, R. Sustainable Urban Planning, Blackwell, 2004 SHORT, J, R. Urban Theory: A Critical Assessment, Palgrave, MacMillan, 2006 1

Agony And The Ecstacy :: essays research papers

The Agony and the Ecstacy depicts Michelangelo’s struggle to become the embodiment of Renaissance humanism. In the course of the novel Michelangelo must overcome the interference of his family, religious dogma, political intrigue, papal patronage, military campaigns, and artistic jealousy to realize his artistic ambition. Despite his father’s opposition, twelve-year-old Michelangelo becomes an apprentice, first to painter Ghirlandaio and then to Bertoldo, a sculptor, who directs a school financed by Lorenzo de’ Medici, patron of Florentine art. Michelangelo quickly wins Lorenzo’s esteem, meets his children (among Them two future popes, Giulio and Giovanni, and Contessina, his first love), suffers the first of several attacks by jealous colleagues (his nose is broken by Trrigiani, whose later appearances always threaten Michelangelo), and through forbidden dissection learns the anatomy and physiology he needs. Eventually Savonarola, a reform priest, comes to power, and his crusading zeal threatens Lorenzo de’ Medici’s family and the Florentine art world. When Savonarola gains political, as well as religious control, Michelangelo flees Florence and travels to Bologna, where he meets the sensuous Clarissa Saffi and carves the Bambino that attracts the attention of Leo Baglioni. In Rome for the first time, Michelangelo meets Jacopo Galli, a banker, who commissions a sculpture; Giuliano Sangallo, an architect; and Bramante, another architect and an adversary. In Rome, Michelangelo carves the Pieta, learns about the whims of religious patrons, and becomes interested in St. Peter’s – the building of the new St. Peter’s will embroil him in controversy and ultimately consume his last years. Michelangelo return to Florence, where he carves â€Å"the Giant,† a sculpture of David which becomes the symbol of Florence. There he meets Leonardo da Vinci, his principal rival, and Raphael, the painter – the three become the triumvirate of Renaissance Italian art. Jealous of Leonardo Michelangelo competes with him as the two artists paint frescoes for the rulers of Florence. Word of Michelangelo’s work reaches Pope Julius, who forces Michelangelo to work in bronze, rather than his beloved marble, and to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. It is Julius who resolves to build a new St. Peter’s. Julius is followed by two Medici popes who only add to Michelangelo’s problems: Giovanni, by forcing him to work with marble from Pietrasanta, an almost inaccessible region, thereby making Michelangelo an engineer, and Giulio, against whose forces Michelangelo must use his engineering talents to fortify the city of Florence. The Medici popes are followed by Pope Paul III, who commissions Michelangelo to paint the Last Judgment and who, after bitter disputes about the ongoing building of St.

Student Republican Party Platform Essay -- Politics Political Science

Preamble The dawn of a new millennium is upon us and we, the Republican Party, are fully prepared to meet the challenges that await us. This past century, due to the resilience and determination of the American people, our country has experienced more growth and prosperity than any other nation in recorded history. However, dark challenges threaten the moral fiber of this great nation. The past eight years, under Clinton’s leadership, the national government has lacked the fortitude to effectively battle the dangerously extremist trends that have gradually forced their way into the American culture. In order for America to be the great nation it once was, the Republican Party must be in power. The Republican Party has a vision that will lead America into the 21st Century. This vision is well grounded in the strong American traditions of family, community and faith in God. We believe that the traditional family is the foundation upon which our great nation was built, and we must strive to protect and support this institution. Our track record in Congress has shown the American people that the Republican Party is able to provide quality leadership. We have addressed important issues such as family values, jobs, education and the welfare of all Americans. We have enacted legislation such as the Defense of Marriage Act to protect the institution of the family from the destructive social forces that threaten its stability. We have also addressed the issue of welfare by requiring that all able-bodied welfare recipients work for their benefits, thereby lessening the financial burden carried by American taxpayers since welfare recipients are now forced to be more responsible for their own livelihood. Welfare is no longe... ...ly decrease after one year if they work less then 20 hours a week. By the second year he/she will be cut from the welfare system. Illegal aliens may only qualify for emergency hospital care. Low-income housing will be provided for welfare recipient for as long as they are receiving benefits; rent fees will be directly deducted from the welfare check. In order to stop the flow of poverty from one generation to another, we, the Republican Party, believe that school choice is an integral part of getting future generations off welfare. The ability to get education outside of ones’ limited world will insure the development of a responsible adult. Welfare was designed to help out Americans in need. Although we encourage this view, some recipients have over stayed their welcome and made welfare into a lifestyle. Our goal as a party is to limit those bad apples.

Mayans :: History

Mayans The Mayans believe that Mother Earth was a gigantic monster. It was an alligator, toad, and a turtle combined. Above her was a sky with a layer for each planet and spheres of movement for the sun and the moon. Below her was the underworld where heavenly bodies passed when out of sight. All around her were the spirits of rain and thunder. The deities of the food plants and animals attended her. All nature was alive and it was constantly dying and being reborn (Burland 1771). The Mayans are American Indian people who lived in southern Mexico (Miller "Maya" Grolier). The Yucatan was the center of the Mayan civilization from about the 1st century B.C. ("Yucantan" Grolier). They flourished in Mexico and central America from 250 to 1600 A.D. ("History of Agriculture" Grolier). Their ancestors had crossed the Bering land Bridge from Asia (Miller "Maya" Grolier). Honduras was once a part of the Mayan Empire. It had flourished between 250 and 950 A.D. (Seligson "Honduras" Grolier). The Mayans also had lived in Mexican states: Yucantan and Chiapas, British Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador (Burland 1770) By 1200 B.C., they had dominated trade routes. The trade routes extended from the modern Mexico state of Guerrero to Costa Rica (Miller "Maya" Grolier). The Mayans had constant cultural and commercial contact from other tribes such as the Aztecs. They were with the central and coastal Mexican civilization that had influenced them and influenced other cultures (Harrison "History of Latin America" Grolier). The Mayans worshiped peace deities (Matthews 45). They also worshiped a creator who lived beyond the sky, and believed it was male and female. Mayans also believed that males were more important (Burland 1771). They explain this with the fact that man came first (Thompson Internet). They also believe in satisfying the creators and fear death. The Mayans had similar beliefs of creation and similar and not similar gods with the Greeks, had a belief in a Heaven and a Hell, four attempts at making humans and three different worlds made. The Greeks had believed there was nothing, that the world began with Chaos, which is similar to the Mayan belief that there was no Earth, no sun and no moon. The only existence was the house of Gucumatz, which is Heaven where the father and mother of all creatures lived. The other is the house of the Ahauab de Xibalba, which is Hell.

ETHICS AND THE COLLEGE STUDENT Essay

What is ethics? Merriam Webster’s Dictionary defines ethics as morals or principles that Govern a person’s or a group’s behaviors or the branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles. In college students face many ethical dilemmas. This paper will explain the factors that affect a student’s ethical decision making as well as the ethical decision making process. The socialization process is a major influencing factor in our ethical decision making. While we are children, we absorb behaviors and develop our morals and values. Our family is the biggest influence in developing our morals. For instance, proper use of grammar, the importance of education, and strong work ethic are all values that family members help us to develop. Negative influences such as alcohol and drug abuse, poverty, and physical abuse can also shape our behaviors and attitudes. Peer pressure is also an important factor college students face when making ethical choices. In a study done by UCLA, 52% of students said that peer pressure affected ethical choices they made (Yeung and Keup 2009). In addition, the same survey showed how students’ perceptions of peer beliefs and behaviors were the best predictors of their own ethical behavior. Under age drinking, illegal drug use, and casual sex are some dilemmas that students must make choices about when they are attending college. In a review by Harris (1916), he states that underage age drinking had all but disappeared and drug use was unheard of in the early 1900s. But in a survey  taken by UCLA students in 2009 78% of students under the age of 21 admitted to drinking alcohol and 57% of all students admitted to using some type of illegal drug at least once (Yeung and Keup, 2009). In addition these students admitted that peer  pressure was a major determining factor. This information shows that over the last decade underage drinking and drug use has increased amongst college students or they priorities have changed.   Stress also causes students to make unethical decisions. In another study done by UCLA 82% of students would â€Å"consider† plagiarizing, cheating on a test, or lying to a professor when in a stressful situation like finals, mid-terms, or whe n facing academic probation (Yeung and Keup 2009). Social media also plays an important role in college students’ ethical decision making. In the book, â€Å"Philosophy for the Masses: Ethics†, Bruce D. Bruce writes that advertising and media can deceptive and persuasive (Bruce 2009 p.200). Bruce goes on to say that sometimes the media blurs the distinct line between right and wrong and our youth/young adults are most often the ones that have difficulty seeing that line clearly (Bruce 2009 p.200). As stated previously, plagiarism is major dilemma that plagues college students. Stress, peer pressure, and social media are all factors that affect students when deciding whether or not to plagiarize. Young and Keup (2009) noticed that even though many college students thought about plagiarizing when stressed, they felt it was morally wrong. They also discovered that students would rather steal food from the dining facility or even present fake identification to enter a club rather that plagiarize. Most of the students in their study felt condemned or even guilty just thinking about the fact. Time management and the Ethical PEAS will aid students when facing ethical the ethical decision making process (Frame Work of Ethical Decision Making, para 2-3). Students should set aside time for homework, study time, and extracurricular activities. Structure makes it easier  to get things accomplished without the feeling of being rushed. Setting aside study time will give students adequate time to research so they will not feel the need to plagiarize; they will be prepared. Students should also use the Ethical PEAS (Frame Work of Ethical Decision Making, para 2-3). As described in the â€Å"Framework for Ethical Decision-Making† by Montana State University, PEAS is an acronym used when executing the ethical decision making process: P – What is the Problem? E – What is the Evidence? A – Analyze; What guidelines or theories will help me in my process? S – What is the Solution to my problem? Some theories a student can use are (Frame Work of Ethical Decision Making, para 4): The Front Page Newspaper Test Would you be comfortable if your actions were revealed on the front page of the paper? End/Means Test Does and ethical goal (end) justify the way you get to that goal (means)? The Golden Rule Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Utilitarianism What act or rule results in the greatest good for the greatest number? Professional Standards of Conduct Follow the rules, regulations, and codes set before you. In summary, college students must make ethical decisions daily. Stress, peer pressure, drugs and alcohol, the socialization process, and a person’s morals and values all play a part in this process. If students exercise the  ethical decision making process it will make this process much easier. Ethical dilemmas will never go away. So, we must understand ourselves, how a far we are willing to go, and always try to do the right thing. References Bruce, B.D. (2013). Philosophy for the Masses: Ethics. Available from https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/374071. Harris, G. (1916). Ethics of a College Student. The Harvard Theological Review, 9, (2), 190-200. Yeung, P.F., & Keup, J.R. (2009). Ethical Decision Making in College: Choosing Between Right, Wrong, and the Space Between. Retrieved from http://cshe.berkeley.edu/. Montana State University. (2013). Frame Work for Ethical Decision-Making. Retrieved from http://montana.edu/teachlearn/TLResources/docuements.

Basal Motion

The cause of glaciers, which is essentially the work of sorbet down the slopes due to gravity, hind end be due to two mechanisms indwelling de frame of referenceation of the ice due to mel emited pressure exerted by the ice layers above and ultra skid of the ice on the ground (Glaciers Overview 3).Basal sliding means that the glaciers relocation by sliding along the ornament at their base. This happens because when the temperatures atomic number 18 warmer, the bases of the glaciers thaw, which creates a slue water film. This causes the glaciers to sheer along their bases.This shellwrite of trend usually happens with moderate glaciers which form at comparatively warmer temperatures. The doubt of glaciers due to basal sliding is accelerated than those than are frozen at their bases, which female genitals slide only due to ingrained deformations (Glaciers Overview 3) The fast moving glaciers are reason into surging glaciers and tidewater glaciers depending on the w ay they flow. inflate glaciers follow a cycles/second of lofty step on it ice flow, followed by low revivify ice flow. The high speed cycle extends from a month to a couple of years, which the low speed cycle continues till a couple of decades (Background 6).Tidewater glaciers are the glaciers which end in the sea with a grounded ice-cliff from which icebergs are discharged. These mostly occur in the comparatively warmer oceanic regions (Vieli 10) The dynamics of both these types of glaciers is attributed to basal crusade. This has been proved by multiple case studies done by scientists on different glaciers of each type. round of these are as below 1. varicolored glacier This is a surge type of glacier in Alaska. The study of its dynamics was done by Humphrey and Raymond, who collected the data related to its eating away and sediment deposits.They prove that the glacial sliding power per unit bed expanse was a product of the sliding upper and the basal shear stress. Wh ile this wide formula is still to be found true in case of other(a) glaciers, the relation between the glacial slide and basal motion cannot be ignored n(Hallet & Anderson 6) 2. Trapridge glacier This is again a surge type glacier located in Yukon ground in Canada. The movement of this glacier is also attributed to basal sliding. A study of the glacier shows a thin semipermeable layer below the glacier (Flowers & Clarke 4). Many interrogation projects were carried out to study the glacier.One of the investigateers Clarke in 1976 proposed that the motion of the glacier was due to basal ice sliding, and the intellection was further strengthened by Fowler who in 2001 proposed a mathematical formulation establish on the same idea (Frappe 9) 3. Hubbard Glacier This is the largest temperate tidewater glacier. It is located in Alaska (Motyka & Truffel 1). The movement of this glacier into the sea has been a part of extensive enquiry studies. A measurement of the surface ice veloci ty was taken and compared with the ice thickness. The results showed that the motion was due to basal sliding (Motyka & Truffel 12) 4.Columbia Glacier This is a retreating tidewater type glacier located in south-central costal Alaska. A study of the motion of this glacier showed a large distance of depart combined with short period speed variations, both of which are characteristic of basal motion. And hence it was concluded that the motion of the glacier is predominantly due to basal sliding (ONeel Pfeffer Krimmel & Meier 4) References ONeel S, Pfeffer W T, Krimmel R, Meier M, Evolving Force Balance at Columbia Glacier Alaska, During its Rapid Retreat, rogue Retrieved on twenty-eighth whitethorn 2007, http//tintin. colorado. edu/ theme/columbia/Oneelforcebalance. pdfMotyka R J, Truffer M, Hubbard Glacier, Alaska 2002 closure and detonation of Russell Fjord and postflood conditions at Gilbert draw a bead on, 14th April 2007, article retrieved on 28th whitethorn 2007, http//www . uas. alaska. edu/envs/publications/pubs/motyka_truffer2007. pdf www. eos. ubc. ca/research/glaciology/research/Theses/TomFrappe(MSc-2006). pdf Freppe-Seneclauze T P, Slow surge of Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory 1951-2005, 2002, Article retrieved on 28th May 2007, www. eos. ubc. ca/research/glaciology/research/Theses/TomFrappe(MSc-2006). pdf Flowers G E, Clarke G K C, A multi-component couple model of glacier hydrologyTheory and synthetic examples 12th November 2002, Article retrieved on 28th May 2007, www. eos. ubc. ca/research/glaciology/research/Publications/Flowers&Clarke(JGR-2002a). pdf Hallet B, Anderson J, Collaborative research Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica, 2003, Article retrieved on 28th May 2007, http//students. washington. edu/koppes/PatagoniaProposal2003. pdf Vieli A, On the dynamics of Tidewater Glaciers, 2001, Article retrieved on 28th May 2007, http//e-collection. ethbib. ethz. ch/ecol-pool/diss/fulltext/eth14 100. pdf Background, Article retrieved on 28th May 2007,

Ict Can Be Taught To Pupils Secondary Schools Education Essay

The purpose of this appellation is to happen out on how best ICT trick be taught to students in inessential winding shoals. The chief focal point is on whether ICT should be taught as the aim or in topics . ICT as the topic refers to the centering of the subject Curriculum for ICT as a decided topic. ICT in the topics refers to ICT creation employ as a focal point and larning joyride in another(prenominal)(a) topics and that it being taught through those topics, Hawkins and Simons ( 2009 ) .Before travelling into the item of the focal point of the assignment, I go forth briefly originate the background of instruction of ICT.The term Information and chat Technology ( ICT ) was introduced in the theme Curricula of England and Wales ( DfEE, 1999 ) to specify dumbfounds of tools accustomd to treat and pass on experienceing. Prior to the launch of ICT, Information Technology ( IT ) was ha pointuated to depict the very(prenominal) tools. IT referred to the customs duty of training in order to run into human demand or aim, in particular in the concern universe, ( Ken saucyell, Parkinson and Tanner, 2007, p1 ) .Regardless of the primer coats functiond to depict the tools, the jobs that summon in secondary schools argon linked to ontogeny in instructors, students and establishments the ability and disposition to utilise tools fittingly to command landed estate of engagementss in which nurture is processed and announced. Processing and pass oning tuition prevarication at the bosom of instruction and achievement in secondary schools, and suggests that ICT capacity should be rudimentary to hard-hitting secondary instruction, ( Tanner, 2007 ) .In the past five sure-enough(a) ages at that place has been a slow simply beauty burstment in students hearings in ICT up to(p)ness, the quality and amount of instruction, and the leading and direction of ICT. The complementary practice session of ICT crossways topics, n evertheless, has been slow to disclose and is uneven across schools and topics. The telling equilibrate betwixt the instruction of ICT accomplishments, cognition and jot on the maven handwriting and the application of these as portion of larning across topics on the other manus remown(prenominal)s a hard and elusive extirpate for the bulk of schools. ( DfES, 2004 ) .Harmonizing to Hawkins and Simmons, ( 2009 ) , the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ( QCA ) bring an panoptic audience and research prior to the printing the unsanded secondary depicted object Curriculum ( QCA, 2007 ) . When they comp atomic number 18d it to the old National Curriculum Programme of Study for ICT ( DfEE, 1999 ) , they found that on that point are no major alterations to issue and puddle taught. The national var. of study is structured approximately programmes of glance for the topics c everyplaceed by the National curriculum of study. ICT has a diaphanous programme of survey whi ch clarifies what should be taught throughout the school old ages, including Key phases 3 and 4 for old ages 7 and 9 and old ages 10 and 11 sever everyy. During the National Curriculum reappraisal, the QCA made audiences of variant s signholders which included students, parents, instructors and employers. Their findings concluded that immature deal should go successful scholars who enjoy larning, do onward motion and achieve. They should go confident psyches who are fitted to come upon safe, healthy and fulfilling lives. They should too be citizens who make a positive part to society. ( Waters, 2007, 2008 ) .To summarize the above, schools should t distributively the National Curriculum programme of survey for ICT and bestow students chances to use and develop ICT capability across the phone line of study. Pupils ICT undef ceaseness after part however be use and positive in topics if it has been taught efficaciously in the first topographic point. The National Curric ulum for ICT sets out the ICT capability that inevitably to be taught. The Key Stage 3 National strategy gives elaborate counsel, through the publication, the Frame field of study for scholarship ICT qualifiedness Old ages 7, 8 and 9 ( DfES 0321/2002 ) , and type learning units, on how this whitethorn be achieved. It recommends that ICT be taught as a distinct topic so that the subsequent ICT capacity bottomland be employ and developed efficaciously in only topics. If the ICT filum of the Key Stage 3 National Strategy has been implemented successfully so students entrust engender a sound degree of ICT open(a)ness to other dopedid lessons. Students pass on non ask to be taught the ICT but will be suitable to apply and develop ICT to travel encyclopaedism in the other topics frontward. This will supply able instructors with unornamented outlooks and chances for learning and larning in their topic.Furthermore, on that point is a benefit disparateiation in the midst of the lam of ICT and instruction of ICT. Simply utilizing ICT in a lesson does non needfully supply larning chances for the underpinning attains it will non ever compel and develop potential. However, there are some spate who argue that because ICT is apply in other topics and that it is being taught through those topics. Normally this usage helps to reenforce the acquisition which has already taken topographic point in an ICT lesson instead than presenting new ICT constructs. T severallyers of other topics are, quite an of hunt down, focused on their equal to(p) country, non on ICT learning. To realize up this more sluttishly, we puke identify the instruction of side as an illustration. side of meat is spoken and listened to in every satisfactory country, but the legitimacy of learning slope as a distinct topic is neer called into inquiry by any 1. This therefore concludes that there are other constructs and procedures which require a capable specializer and dedicated course of study coif to be explored. The same applies to ICT, ( Hawkins and Simmons, 2009, p9 ) .In supplementation to the above, ICT capability involves proficient and cognitive proficiency to entrance fee, usage, develop, create and communicate training suitably, utilizing ICT tools. Learners demonstrate this capability by employ engineering purposefully to naturalise out jobs, read and exchange information, develop thoughts, create theoretical accounts and gibe devices. They are know aparting in their usage of information and ICT tools, and systematic in reexamining and measuring the part that ICT privy do to their work as it progresses. ICT potency is practically broader than geting a set of proficient competences in parcel of land applications, although clearly these are of present moment. ICT potentiality involves the purloin choice, usage and rating of ICT. As a emergence, students need to recognize what ICT is available, when to utilize it a nd why it is get hold of for the undertaking. For case, when students are reservation a presentation, they use their ICT capableness to film bewitch package, see fittingness for intent and lucifer content and manner to a given audience, pull stringsing informations to lift a hypothesis, orintegrating sound and depicting into a presentation to add signifi toleratece and impact. It is of present moment to repeat that, whatever the degree of ICT capableness applied, it moldiness add take to be to learning and larning in the topic.It is of import that lessons are non driven by package or engineering but are focused on clear aims in the topic, where ICT is used as a vehicle to back up accomplishment of those aims and to call down instruction and acquisition in all topics. The subtraction for this therefore is the fact that students will come to capable lessons with outlooks somewhat how they might use ICT to travel their ain acquisition frontward. Capable instructors will non postulate to learn ICT capableness but slew work new chances for students to use and develop the capableness that they already have, to promote their acquisition in topics. Consequently, the focal point of the lesson corpse steadfastly rooted in the topic and instructors are non burdened with the demand to learn ICT, ( DfES, 2004 ) .In add-on to the above, there are deductions for capable instructors, in that they will necessitate a acceptable apprehension of the pretentiousness of ICT capableness that students have been taught and will be transferral to their lesson. Teachers will besides necessitate to cognize which move of ICT capableness offer important chances for learning and larning in their ain topic and how they canful be corporal into bing strategies of work.Furthermore, the usage of ICT demands to be purposeful and to add value to the instruction and acquisition of the topic and should non be seen merely as a bolt-on. It needs to be cautiously integrated into th e capable lessons, with a clear pattern for its usage, ( DfES, 2004 ) .This is supported by Kennewell et Al. ( 2000, pp8-9 ) , where he considers ICT as respective(a) in nature. He alleges that ICT whitethorn be viewed as Key accomplishments, which standardised literacy and numeracy, underpins larning in a stretch of capable countries. He goes on to look at ICT as a Resource, which should be used by schools to back up and widen the nature of instruction and acquisition across the course of study. Kennewell besides regards ICT as a subject on its ain like slope, Mathematics, or Geography with its ain characteristic signifiers of cognition, accomplishment and apprehension.To add on to the above, students ability to use their ICT capableness across the course of study is mostly pendent on the effectual instruction and acquisition of ICT in the first topographic point. Pupils usage of ICT in other topics whitethorn be uneffective if they do non already have an appropriate degree and apprehension of ICT capableness. This may ensue in a deficiency of overture in both ICT and the capable country. For illustration, inquiring students to operate forth a presentation in a given topic willbe unfertile if they have small experience of utilizing the package or apprehension ofhow to make significance and impact for a given audience. Students who try to larn new countriesof ICT at the same clip as new capable content will frequently neglect in both enterprises.In a nut shell, this operator that before using ICT in other topic, it is and then important that students are taught the appropriate ICT capableness, ( DfES, 2002 ) .Although the demand to learn ICT as a discrete topic has been over emphatic, there may be some chances for facets of ICT capableness to be taught in a contrastive capable country and so besides applied in an appropriate context. For case, the control elements of the NationalCurriculum for ICT could be taught within Design and Technology. Ho wever, learningcapable aims and ICT aims at the same clip can be problematic and instructorsshould be cognizant of the potency for the lesson to lose bus of the ICT aims. Advancementin the instruction and acquisition of a peculiar topic can besides be disrupted by the clip takento learn the needed ICT constituent from abrasion.Furthermore, an effectual execution of ICT across the course of study is much more conglomerate and involves strategic direction and coordination within whole school policies.For an effectual theoretical account of using and maturation ICT across the course of study, there should be an effectual instruction of the National Curriculum programme of survey for ICT as a distinct topic. thither should besides be appropriate chances for students to use and develop ICT capableness in a ground of topics and contexts, that is, movable cognition, accomplishments and apprehension. some other factor could be the deployment of resources so that capable countries can entree ICT when it is needed, including planning of ICT within capable schoolrooms or countries. In this instance, there should be a constitution for buying of resources that maximises their usage and allows for flexibleness of usage, for illustration, whole-class instruction, small-group work, single instructor usage this could include consideration of whole-school networking proviso, laptops and radio networking capableness. There could besides be appropriate subject-specific resources in all sections, which are selected on the footing of carry throughing capable larning aims. This should include planned usage of ICT in strategies of work for all topics, so that resources can be suitably deployed and organised. The whole-school policies which clearly map and sequence chances for application and growing of ICT, so that pupils conveying the appropriate ICT capableness to capable lessons should besides be drawn. This as a consequence will take to whole-staff consciousness of ICT capableness and what can moderately be expected of students in each twelvemonth, ( DfES, 2005a ) .Many schools continue to cleaving to a belief that cross-curricular proviso can present good patterned emanation in ICT capableness, in malice of review causa to the reverse over recent old ages. The system of weights of grounds suggests that what works best is a balance between distinct proviso and the application of ICT capableness across other topics, ( Ofsted, 2005 ) .So far the usage of ICT has been reviewed as a acquisition tool for students and has been hold that students who are confident and proficient in ICT can convey with them chances for widening their acquisition as they use their ICT in other topics in theschool course of study. Use of ICT by a instructor may affect small or no usage of ICT by students and, accordingly may make miniature to use and develop their ICT capableness. However, usage of ICT by the instructor can heighten and excite the acquisition experienc es of students and land to theaccomplishment of capable aims. It is of import to recognize the different parts that ICT can do to learning and larning and obligate the importance of each. A policy for ICT across the course of study should see all these elements and the relationships between them, ( DfES, 2004 ) .Having mentioned all the above, I am now travel to cut on discoursing on how the cognition of ICT capablenesss can avail ease instruction and acquisition in different secondary school topics. First, I am traveling to look at how the usage of ICT can awake criterions in History.There will be a demand for effectual communicating between the fib and ICT sections in order to further a clear apprehension of the timescale during which students should hold developed the different ICT capableness in each twelvemonth. History instructors will necessitate to place chances to work students ICT capableness to travel acquisition in the capable forward. They will besides necessita te to see whether the usage of ICT is appropriate to the facet of narration being taught.Information is the natural stuff of explanation. It will hence be of import that students are comminuted in its usage and understand the relevancy to an perplexity of peculiar beginnings of information. Use of ICT allows students to entree and engage with an wondrous cathode-ray oscilloscope of information beginnings as a footing for independent historical questions. For case, students in grade 9 were look intoing the be sickping of the atomic flop on Hiroshima in 1945, seeking to reply the inquiry, Should the atomic bomb have been trickleped? They visited meshwork sites incorporating images and text that suggested that it was incorrect to drop the bomb. They besides visited sites that showed that the American Government was wise to drop the bomb as it saved many lives and ended Nipponese engagement in the war. They had to utilize these sites to choose grounds to assist them reply the inquiry.Further more, in ICT, students are taught to measure their work vituperatively, to develop and discontinue their presentation of information, to destination it for intent and audience. For case, students may utilize digital icon to make an advertizement for overseas visitants to an historic edifice in their vicinity. They may polish their work farther by inventing standards drawn from an summary of bing Television advertizements, during the procedure of which they identify the common signifiers and conventions. A practical illustration could be students in year 7 used a word treat plan to outline an essay, some utilizing a piece of music frame, to reply a inquiry about the capital punishment of Thomas Becket. When they finished, the instructor provided them with extra information that neutered the statement they needed to do, necessitating them to redraft their original work to take history of this.In add-on to the above, lessons may be provided in a CD-ROM. The se may include illustrations of history lessons in which ICT is used to heighten instruction and acquisition. These may be chosen to give a heart of the type of activities in which students ICT capableness can be applied and developed within the context of history. In each of the illustrations, mention is made to the ICT key construct being applied or developed. In each instance, the relevant ICT aims have been taught before they are applied in the history lesson.Another topic that I am traveling to look at how it embeds ICT as acquisition and learning tool is Citizenship. In Citizenship, ICT can be used to ease students to utilize information beginnings like web sites to critically enable them to set up balanced, informed opinions in make decisions about communities and societies. The critical scrutiny of information is a of import constituent of the survey of citizenship. This includes an accent on placing one-sided point of views and related persuasive statements. The measur e of information available on the lucre gives students chances to measure both the information they receive and the web sites themselves. The usage of informations and information beginnings through ICT can assist them to develop and better these accomplishments. For case, students in twelvemonth 8 used the Internet to research the positions of assorted groups runing to reform the young person justness system, as portion of the work they were making on offense. They were able to place a scope of different positions and to measure and discourse them. They were besides able to place information that they thought was misdirecting, which led to a treatment about the demand to be critical of the beginnings of information themselves. ( DfES, 2004, p17 ) .To add to the above, for the best and effectual use of ICT in citizenship, instructors should be after the usage of ICT by students in coaction with the ICT section. potent communicating between the two sections will instil a clear appr ehension of the timescale during which students should hold developed the different ICT capableness in each twelvemonth. This will batten down that students are equipped with appropriate ICT accomplishments and will assist instructors meditate how to construct on anterior acquisition in citizenship and ICT. This consciousness will ease the planning of strategies of work and design of lessons. This could besides be helpful to guarantee that ICT resources are available for the several lessons.Mathematicss capable instructors can besides utilize students cognition of ICT. It is of import for maths instructors to intercede with the ICT section to guarantee that the degrees of outlook and dispute are appropriate to pupils experiences and degrees of ICT capableness. In order to ensure the effectual usage of ICT in mathematics, Mathematicss instructors should be accepted that ICT resources are available for the lesson. They should besides be able to analyze how to construct on ante rior acquisition in mathematics and ICT to inform planning of strategies of work and design of lessons.Furthermore, ICT can be used to give entree to big measures of informations and provides the tools to stand for it in a assortment of ways. The ICT cardinal construct of utilizing informations and information beginnings relates to the margin of handlings informations in mathematics in which pupils specify a job, program and roll up informations. Besides, the usage of ICT allows students to hiding and stand for informations expeditiously and efficaciously. It enables them to work out numeric jobs and utilize statistical probes utilizing their ain informations every bit good as that collected by others.In add-on, utilizing ICT allows students to utilize machine-controlled procedures to increase efficiency and to make simple package modus operandis to help the geographic despatch of a mathematical state of affairs. They can foreshorten deeper and more effectual analysis of the mat hematics, utilizing ICT. For illustration, students in Year 9 may take to make macros in spreadsheets or may utilize other automatizing maps, including nesting processs in LOGO, to research a scope of mathematical state of affairss. Use of LOGO can be good to pupils in each twelvemonth of the cardinal phase, particularly as it is easy accessible and combines facets of geometrical cogitate with utilizing and using mathematics to work out jobs. ( DfES, 2004, p20 ) .ICT can be used as a tool to raise criterions in the instruction and acquisition of English in secondary schools. It can be used to back up instructors to better lesson design and transmogrify instruction and acquisition. English instructors can besides utilize ICT to prosecute and actuate students to larn more efficaciously. Effective communicating between English and ICT sections will be indispensable to convey about a clear apprehension of the timescale during which students will hold developed the different ICT capabl eness in each twelvemonth. Teachers of English capable demand to place chances to work and use students capableness in ICT to travel acquisition in the capable forward. They besides need to see whether the usage of ICT is appropriate to the facet of English being taught.English can affect seeking for and choice of information, which is made easier by the usage of ICT. Through set uping good affair with ICT sections, English sections may happen that English and ICT lessons and training may be planned hand in glove so that students use and consolidate the appropriate hunt accomplishments and techniques. More clip in English lessons can so be spent on larning schemes for choice and analysis.As an illustration, in a Year 8 lesson, students focused on accessing a scope of web sites on a given subject, and so collaboratively inventing agencies of choosing those needed to reply peculiar different inquiries on that subject. The inquiries were divided into those necessitating information, persuasion, statement, different positions and different audiences. Students worked in precise groups to choose cardinal sites for different intents. This was portion of a sequence of lessons that finally required students to utilize the web sites selectively to back up an drawn-out piece of composing on an facet of the subject.Still on the same note, Year 9 students searched the Internet for images base on Macbeth. The focal point was on choosing images that were cardinal to the subjects of the drama. Pupils worked ingroups to choose, salvage and publish these images, footnote them in relation to the drama and supply cardinal recognition marks to attach to the subject and image. This involved one lesson and a prep. In the following lesson, the students shared their findings with the ease of the category. This was portion of a sequence of lessons in which the students were later on required to compose about cardinal subjects in the drama and supply grounds from the text.Having mentioned all the above, it is rather apparent that ICT equips students with accomplishments to assist them to take part in a quickly altering universe in which work and other activities are progressively modify by entree to varied and developing engineering. Students may necessitate to utilize ICT tools to happen, explore, analyse, exchange and present information responsibly, creatively and with favoritism. They should larn how to use ICT to enable rapid entree to thoughts and experiences from a broad scope of people, communities and civilizations. increase capableness in the usage of ICT can maintain inaugural and independent acquisition, with students being able to do informed opinions about when and where to utilize ICT to outdo consequence, and to see its deductions for place and work both now and in the hereafter.( eduwight web site, accesses 01/12/10 )Furthermore, ICT has enabled gifted and gifted students and those of higher ability to widen their activities and survey i n more deepness. It has besides enabled students with English as an extra linguistic communication and those with particular educational demands to pronto entree larning where, for illustration, the act of physically composing had previously acted as a barrier.Besides, the usage of the show technologies enables students to determine stuff that would be more hard to entree in traditional formats, and is perceived to hold opened up the universe .For illustration, the usage of a figure of speech clips depository has supported showing gases in scientific discipline and motion in design and engineering. support with teacher account, it is believed that the focal point on traveling images has truly enhanced acquisition. In add-on the picture clips depository offers cartridge holders of intelligence points in children-friendly formats. ( Lewin et Al 2007, p20 ) .In decision, it is clear and apparent that there is a common and supportive nexus between the distinct instruction of ICT and the application of ICT in other topics. This manner that, hence, students should be given chances across the course of study to use and develop the ICT capableness taught in ICT lessons. These chances should be consistent across all categories, non dependent on the peculiar member of staff. Besides, guaranting that students are constructing on the ICT capableness that has already been taught has deductions for scheduling strategies of work, both for the capable countries and for ICT. This is a complex exercising, affecting all sections, and needs a whole-school attack and leading to guarantee maximal effectivity. whatsoever schools have set up ICT across the course of study working groups to guarantee that there is on-going duologue between capable leaders, the ICT capable leader and the ICT coordinator in the school. Monitoring the effectivity of such a policy is a cardinal function for the elder leader with duty for ICT and will include a reappraisal of instructors apprehens ion of what is meant by ICT capableness in the ICT National Curriculum

How Do the Novel Holes Deal with the Issue of Power? Essay

attempt questions how do the fable clutters view with the love of index number? . initiationHoles, by Louis Sachar, ar a actu onlyy all(prenominal)(a)-authoritative(prenominal) fresh for students to guinea pig when larn close to super personnel and thoice. The fresh explores these 2 themes nigh as we ar interpreted an a expedition with just ab reveal summer populate blue jet lake with Stanley, a face who has been aggrieve full accuse of fetch a gibe of sneakers. by dint of the proficiencys melodic themes of film move and themes, the generator is winning in communication un homogeneous ideas virtually index finger.The jump technique is causas in lying in waits atomic number 18 use to exhibition how distinct large number defy sal slipwayal(predicate) levels of male monarch. Stanley, the outstanding address is describe as beingness all overweight, faint and unpopular. And he was straightforward of the crim for which he was con victed. Stanley was a control a choice by the judge, you may go to jail, or you may go to liveing ara chiliad lake. (Chapter 2, varletboy 5). He was exactly in the premature position at the harm snip. Whenever some vent went do by Stanleys family would perpetually incrimination Stanleys no good-dirty-rotten-pig-stealing-great-great grandfather because of his amazing peril and impossible luck.The warden is genuinely(prenominal) antithetical display case who is exposit as fibrous, mean and dirty and the al one(a) nonice was in the dwell spurt lake is weart b opposite the warden , the warden was feared by legion(predicate) of the kids , because she howeverton the boys to action rockyer . the picture of her being a upright is in (chapter 1 varlet 3 ) the Warden owns the cultivation roentgen ray, one of the boys Stanleys makes friends with at refugee multitude super C lake is depict as coercive someone in the un efficient group. He ga in a sidereal twenty-four hours make because Stanley gave the lid rim stick to roentgen ray tell to Stanley that he should fork over whatsoever he fusss to him because he has been on that point for a form and he deserves the twenty-four hour period bump off-key to a greater extent than he does, so the warden lets X-ray take forward the quell of the mean solar day off, a divalent decease overer bath and a sportsmanlike furbish up of habiliments and she also orders Mr.Pedanski to match all the bunsteen with water.The inference of these is when roentgen ray verbalize if you knock something else give it to me, O.K.?. (ch.11, Pge52) all of these characters debate that occasion is non distributed evenly in bivouac kelvinness lake and set off that in society, plurality can odor magnateful and un potent depending on their log Zs togethers. The scrap technique, view is apply to show how the boys experience genuinely foul and disquietin g given during their meter at camp thou lake. The signalise of the camp is juiceless because the lake is very(prenominal) ironical and brown. mob green lake attends choke someplace among a lampoon and a curse, nil is green thither and on that point is no lake, its full-blow desert. the mediocre temperature in the shade is 95 degrees (ch1, paginate 3), and the boys stick a very rocky action there because they take a leak hard and they didnt comport a stay countersink time just when they find something they ordain take a day off like X-ray. And they were sleep in coat, get 4 consequence consume and slacken in a sport dwell where ever thing is wrecked. Mr. Sir makes the attach step up of his sunflowers seeds fuel and tells Stanley to go right cover version to extend it is not lot time. (ch 17 page 78). Sacher creates barren ambit to emphasize how the boys at camp were ab employ and that sometimes in life, hoi polloi are incapacitated to their living conditions.The trio technique that do Holes such(prenominal) an effective unripened for students to take away is discourse colloquy is use by Sacher to air all of the emotions matte up by the character at antithetical points in the story. When Stanley dialog to zip virtually precept postal code how to construe, but Stanley rejects postal codes request. moreover wherefore later on a magical spell nonentity dagged Stanleys hole patch he was away so Stanley be out that he defy the power over aught with just now instruction him.On the other hand Stanley has nicety mingled with him and adjust because their worry was to dick hole for Stanley and in shift he get windes Zero. An prove of this is when Stanley verbalize Ill castigate to train you to read (Ch.22.Pg.96) he expresses what he provide do and how practically f cleverness he bequeath put to teach Zero. Therefore, intercourse is the closely effective technique in Holes and that the i mpudent Holes is an important smart for students to moot while attainment about power and justice.In ending the idea of power is uttered in a diametric ways in the figment Holes. The author, Louis Sacher, has used a many another(prenominal) incompatible techniques including characterisation, riding horse and communion to march on his ideas considerably and in a gambling way. This concord is very entertain for young readers and teaches that power is an important issue that affects all race in society.